Education: Ethnicity:

Question 1

How has China’s One Child Policy helped families material and cultural capital?

Answer 1

If a family has less children there is an increase in the concentration of money and attention that the parents spend on them.

Question 2

Which ethnic minority group out performs all others in both English and Maths?

Answer 2

Chinese.

Question 3

Name two reasons why Bangladeshi school pupils have experienced a recent surge in educational achievement?

Answer 3

• Girls see education as a way out of the gender roles in their culture, thus they work had to achieve.
• Many are concentrated in London so the good transport links mean they are not restricted by selection by mortgage, (in London marketisation has worked).

Question 4

How many times more likely is a white person able to be Prime Minister than a black person?

Answer 4

12x more likely.

Question 5

What percentage of black children live in poverty (Guy Palmer, 2012)?

Answer 5

45%.

Question 6

What percentage of black students achieve AAA at A level?

Answer 6

4%.

Question 7

What is the ratio of black to white MP’s?

Answer 7

13/650.

Question 8

What is the likely hood for a black person to be PM?

Answer 8

1 in 17 million.

Question 9

What is the likely hood for a white person to be PM?

Answer 9

1 in 200,000.

- 90x more likely than a black person to be PM.

Question 10

What did Cline et al identify? Name an example of it in society:

Answer 10

They identified motivated name calling of ethnic minority students not just from inside school but whilst travelling too and from the premises.
For example: Syrian boy travelling to school getting verbally assaulted in December 2018.

Question 11

Who are the lowest, counted, ethnic minority group in educational achievement?

Answer 11

The Black Caribbeans.

Question 12

Define ‘ethnocentric curriculum’:

Answer 12

An attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one particular ethnic group while disregarding others, specifically British.

Question 13

Name an example to how the British education system is ethnocentric:

Answer 13

• Study white British writers.
• Catholic run schools.
• White history is taught.
• Only study European languages.

Question 14

What did Stephen Ball, 1993, argue? What term did he develop along with his argument?

Answer 14

He thought the British History curriculum was ethnocentric. He called this Little Englandism.

Question 15

What did Bereiter and Engelman argue about Black language?

Answer 15

They argue it is: ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.

Question 16

What does Bowker argue?

Answer 16

He argues the lack of standard English in ethnic groups is a major barrier in education and integration into wider society.

Question 17

What do the Swann report, Gillborn and Mirza argue about language? What sociologists does this critique?

Answer 17

Argues that language is not a major factor of educational underachievement. Mirza specifically identifies Indian pupils as not being held back, despite speaking English as their additional language.
This critiques Bowker, Bereiter and Engelman.

Question 18

What family type is most common within Black groups?

Answer 18

The lone parent.

Question 19

What do Driver and Ballard argue about ‘Asian’ family and culture?

Answer 19

• They have a pro-education culture.
• Strong family support network.
• Have huge respect for authoritative figures.

Question 20

What does Lawrence argue about Black culture?

Answer 20

That it is not Black culture that leads to low self-esteem but racism in wider society.

Question 21

What does Pryce argue about Black culture?

Answer 21

That Black culture is less resistant to racism and this might explain the low self-esteem.

Question 22

How many times higher is unemployment in African, Bangladeshi and Pakistani people than white people?

Answer 22

3x.

Question 23

What percentage of Bangladeshi pupils are entitles to FSM? Black African? Pakistani?

Answer 23

Bangladeshi: 58%.
Black African: 43%.
Pakistani: 37%.

Question 24

What percentage of ethnic minority households are overcrowded?

Answer 24

15%.

Question 25

What does Nell Keddie, 1973, argue about cultural deprivation?

Answer 25

That it is a myth. She claims you cannot be deprived of your own culture.

Question 26

What does Rex argue about accommodation and ethnicity?

Answer 26

The discrimination faced by ethnic minority results in them being forced into sub-standard accommodation than white people in the same class.

Question 27

What study did Noon complete? What were his findings?

Answer 27

He sent identical pairs of letter about enquiry into employment to the top 100 companies signed by fictitious applicants ‘Evans’ and ‘Patel’, with the same qualifications and experiences.
- He found that the companies were more encouraging of the ‘white’ applicant.

Question 28

Why does the ethnocentric curriculum not explain the level of achievement of all ethnic minority pupils?

Answer 28

The internal factors are relatively minor.

The ethnocentric does not explain why Chinese and Indian students perform so well.

Question 29

Define Gillborn’s (1990) ‘myth of Black challenge’:

Answer 29

Black students are seen as a challenge to authority and therefore more likely to be excluded from school.

Question 30

Whats did Gillborn and Youdell find in 2000?

Answer 30

They found that teachers were more were quicker to discipline a black student than others for the same behaviour. They argue this is the result of ‘racialised expectations’.

Question 31

What study did Wright, 1992, complete? What did she find? What were the effects on the pupils?

Answer 31

She studied a multi-ethnic school. She found that teachers:
- Held ethnocentric views.
- Assumed Asian pupils would have bad English so left - them out of class discussions.
- Disapproved of their customs.
- Mispronounced their names.
This made them feel marginalised.

Question 32

Apart from the ethnocentric curriculum, in what ways can schools be institutionally racist?

Answer 32

Selection policies, labelling, New IQism.

Question 33

The New IQism:

What is the purpose of the ‘gifted and talented’ programme?

Answer 33

Was created with the aim of meeting the needs of more able pupils in inner-city schools.

Question 34

How much more likely are white students to be identified as gifted and talented than black students?

Answer 34

2x as likley.

Question 35

How many times more likely is it that ethnic minorities are homeless?

Answer 35

3x more likely.

Ethnic minorities are almost twice as likely to be unemployed compared with whites.

Question 36

How many times is someone of ethnic heritage more likely to be unemployed thank a white person?

Answer 36

2x as likely.

Question 37

What does Miriam David, 1993, argue about the National Curriculum?

Answer 37

He argues it is a ‘specifically British’ curriculum that largely ignores non-European languages, literature and music.

Question 38

What does Charles Murray, 1984, and the New Right argue about lone parenthood?

Answer 38

Argues that a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role models lead to the underachievement of some minorities.

Question 39

What does Daniel Moyihan argue about lone parenthood?

Answer 39

Argues that:

• because many black families are headed by a lone mother, children are deprived of adequate care because the mother struggles in the absence of the male breadwinner.
• This means that male children lack an adequate role model of male achievement.

Question 40

What does Daniel Moyihan argue about cultural deprivation?

Answer 40

He sees cultural deprivation as a cycle where inadequately socialised children from unstable families go on to fail at school and become inadequate parents themselves.

Question 41

What did Roger Scruton, 1986, argue about the low achievement levels of some ethnic minority groups?

Answer 41

Roger Scruton, 1986, sees the low achievement levels of some ethnic minorities as resulting from a failure to embrace mainstream British culture.