Education: differential educational achievement- class (external factors) Flashcards
what’s material deprivation?
when a student is unable to access the basic necessities to help with academic success such as revision materials or a place to study. this concept explains working-class under-achievement in education as due to the lack of these resources as well as poor diet, housing, clothing or the money to afford these things.
in what ways does material deprivation cause educational underachievement?
mention 3 ways
-poor health due to inadequate nutrition
-have less access to quiet study spaces e.g may have to share a bedroom with another relative
-can cause there to be a lack of access to resources like books or the internet
whats cultural deprivation?
the theory that working class children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the ‘right’ culture needed for educational success. For example, their families don’t instil the value of deferred gratification.
How does cultural deprivation lead to academic underachievement?
Children from working-class backgrounds may lack the language and cognitive skills that are valued by the education system, putting them at a disadvantage compared to middle class peers.
define cultural capital
the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities that the middle class transmit to their children. Bourdieu argues that educational success is largely based on possession of cultural capital, thus giving middle class kids an advantage
how does a student’s cultural capital affect their educational success?
Students with high cultural capital (often from middle class backgrounds) are more likely to succeed in skl bc their social and cultural knowledge aligns with what the education system values, giving them an advantage.
What did Bourdieu mean by ‘economic capital’ in relation 2 education?
(define the term)
the financial resources. family has which can be used to increase a child’s’ educational opportunities, such as thru private schooling or tutoring , better housing and educational materials
whats the link between working class parental attitudes and cultural deprivation?
working-class parents may place less emphasis on education due to their own experiences or constraints, which can result in lower levels of support & encouragement for their children’s schooling, contributing to cultural deprivation.
give 3 examples of how material deprivation can cause academic underachievement ( in regards to housing conditions)
answer as if each example was worth 2 marks
-overcrowded housing can make it difficult for children to find a quiet space to study, leading to distractions and a lack of focus
- poor living conditions such as mould may cause a child to feel ill more often,leading to more absences from school
-children living in low-income catchment areas often attend underfunded schools with fewer resources and qualified teachers, which limits their access to quality education
What are the main criticisms of cultural deprivation theory?
sociologists argue tht the theory blames the victim by suggestions working-class parents are deficient, rather than considering the structural inequalities that limit their resources and opportunities
what role does parental education play in educational achievement?
parents with higher levels of education are often better equipped to help with homework and encourage academic success, passing on cultural capital that aids their child’ educational progress.
what are the differences between the restricted and the elaborated language codes?
(list four things abt the restricted code and four abt the elaborated. including the classes that use each code)
restricted:
-used by the working class, informal, limited use of vocabulary and context bound
elaborated code:
-used by the middle class class, formal, wider vocabulary and context free
what are the differences between the restricted and the elaborated language codes?
(list four things abt the restricted code and four abt the elaborated. including the classes that use each code)
restricted:
-used by the working class, informal, limited use of vocabulary and context bound
elaborated code:
-used by the middle class class, formal, wider vocabulary and context free
how do language codes affect educational outcomes?
According to Bernstein, working-class kids are more likely to use the restricted code whilst middle-class kids use elaborated ode, which is favoured by schools and can give middle-class students an advantage
