Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology Paper One > Education Definitions > Flashcards

Education Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define A-C economy

A

Schools focus a disproportionate amount of time and resources to achieve passing grades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define academisation

A

The process of local authority schools becoming academies, meaning they are self-governed and can choose their own curriculum and term dates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define anti-school subculture

A

An alternate status hierarchy which is derived from direct opposition of school expectations and ethos (Willis’ Lads)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define ascribed status

A

An involuntary status assigned at birth and unchangeable - ethnicity, wealth status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define achieved status

A

Mainly earned by merit. Reflects personal skills, talent, ability, effort and hard work - qualifications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define compensatory education

A

Extra funds and resources to tackle cultural and material deprivation and close the gap between w/c and m/c children in education. (EAZs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define comprehensive schools

A

Local schools which do not select based on ability and are run by the local education authority.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define comprehensivisation

A

Establishment of comprehensive schools to replace the tripartite system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define correspondence principle

A

Marxist idea that school prepares students for future exploitation by mirroring the norms and values of the workplace.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define cream skimming

A

Selecting only the highest bility students to gain the best results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define cream skimming

A

Selecting only the highest bility students to gain the best results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define crisis of masculinity

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define cultural capital

A

The skills. knowledge and attitudes possessed by the m/c - advantageous over w/c because language and values mirror teachers, exams and the school ethos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define cultural deprivation

A

Theory that w/c socialisation is inadequate at providing the norms, values and knowledge to succeed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define deferred gratification

A

The value of delaying immediate reward in favour of hard work in the present to receive greater reward in the future - explains the m/c tendency to go to university.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define deprivation/poverty cycle

A

One aspect of material disadvantage has a knock on effect - poverty is reinforced and carried across generations because being poor means a poor diet and living conditions which causes time off school/work etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define deterministic

A

Assumes that an input like labelling always has the same effect like internalisation, ignoring the agency of individuals to respond in their own way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define division of labour

A

Production is broken down into smaller specialised jobs to improve efficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define economic capital

A

Possession of economic and material resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define educational triage

A

Schools sort students into 3 groups and focus attention and resources on middle ‘could pass’ group instead of high and low achiever groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define elaborated code

A

Context-free language consisting of a wide vocabulary, complex sentences allowing the expression of abstract ideas. The speech code of the m/c and institutions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define endogenous privatisation

A

Schools are made to compete like businesses while still under government control - idea behind marketisation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define equality of opportunity

A

The fairness of processes through which individuals from different social groups reach outcomes like GCSEs or uni.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define ethnocentric curriculum

A

Curriculum treats white, European history, religion and culture as superior, excluding children from ethnic backgrounds who feel unrepresented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define ethos

A

The culture of the school - the expected norms, values and aspirations of students

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define exogenous privatisation

A

Schools are taken over by private businesses rather than run directly by the government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define expressive role

A

The typically female roles and subjects in school and society - essay based or emotionally taxing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define fatalism

A

The attitude of the w/c that believes low paid jobs and failure in education is inevitable - results in low aspirations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define free schools

A

Schools set up and run by parents, charities and businesses or for specialties like religious or international students.

30
Q

Define gender domains

A

Activities, hobbies, interests etc that boys and girls see as typical territory of their gender - football or dressing up.

31
Q

Define gender socialisation

A

The process through which children learn the social expectations, attitudes and behaviours associated with their gender

32
Q

Define globalisation

A

Interconnected changes in economic, cultural and social spheres of society - involves integration between nations.

33
Q

Define grammar schools

A

Selective schools for those who pass the 11+ IQ test - offers academic educations for high achieving students - ethos focuses on going to uni.

34
Q

Define Habitus

A

Bourdieu - norms, values, attitudes and behaviours of a social class

35
Q

Define hegemonic masculinity

A

Ideology that legitimises the dominance of men in society

36
Q

Define hidden curriculum

A

The norms and values informally taught in schools via teacher expectations, attitudes and school ethos

37
Q

Define ideal pupil

A

Usually white or model minority (East Asian), middle class, female and have passive characteristics

38
Q

Define ideological state apparatus (Althusser)

A

Institutions like school spread the ideology of the ruling class to ensure that the w/c are in a state of false class consciousness and are prepared to accept exploitation.

39
Q

Define immediate gratification

A

Wanting a reward immediately, even if it means giving up a larger future reward. A typical w/c belief - explains the desire to go straight into paid menial or labour employment.

40
Q

Define independent schools

A

Schools that are not state funded and are paid for by parents. Not required to follow the national curriculum.

41
Q

Define institutional racism

A

Discrimination that is built into the everyday workings of the school via sociological processes like the ethos and curriculum

42
Q

Define instrumental role

A

The typically male roles and subjects in school and society - maths/science based or physical.

43
Q

Define labelling

A

Teachers’ judgment of students based on superficial characteristics like class, sex and ethnicity

44
Q

Define league tables

A

The tables that measure school performance to inform parent choice - official stats that rank schools against eachother.

45
Q

Define legitimisation of class inequality

A

Schools justify inequalities via teaching the myth of meritocracy - w/c students believe that exam failure is their own fault and they don’t deserve unachievable highly paid jobs.

46
Q

Define male gaze

A

Seeing the female body as something for patriarchal society to watch, conquer and possess rather than as individuals.

47
Q

Define marketisation

A

The principle behind the 1988 Education Act that introduced open enrolment and formula funding aiming to create competition between schools to increase standards.

48
Q

Define material deprivation

A

Lack of access to basic, material resources has a negative effect of education due to poor diet, housing, access to equipment, internet and uniform.

49
Q

Define myth of meritocracy

A

Marxist idea that school teaches that meritocracy is real and the qualifications achieved by an individual are based on intelligence instead of class background and social inequalities.

50
Q

Define national curriculum

A

Sets subjects and content that all state funded schools are required to teach.

51
Q

Define OFSTED

A

Government body that inspects and publishes reports of schools - has the power to put schools on special measures and change staffing.

52
Q

Define parentocracy

A

The ability for parents to consider and specifically chose schools for their children

53
Q

Define particularistic values

A

The specific values by which parents nudge their children - considering them as unique rather than judging by the universalistic standards of society

54
Q

Define passive subservience

A

Accepting authority and doing what they’re told without questioning it

55
Q

Define polarisation

A

The best schools have improved and the worst have declined further as a result of marketisation

56
Q

Define repressive state apparatus

A

Violent organisations and institutions used to repress the subordinate social classes - police etc

57
Q

Define reproduction of inequality

A

Inequality is continually socially reproduced because the education system is overlaid by ruling class ideology.

58
Q

Define restricted code

A

Context-bound language consisting of a limited vocabulary and simple sentences. The language of the w/c.

59
Q

Define role allocation

A

Education allocates people to the most appropriate job based on their talents and skills using exams and qualifications.

60
Q

Define role allocation

A

Students are sifted and sorted into appropriate jobs based on their abilities determined by the qualifications they possess - m/c who typically have better educations receive higher paid and status jobs.

61
Q

Define self-fulfilling prophecy

A

The internalisation of a label given to an individual - students labelled as hopeless reject education

62
Q

Define setting and streaming

A

Grouping students by ability and placing them in classes of similar abilities

63
Q

Define silt shifting

A

Taking on poor students for funding because the shcool is low ranking

64
Q

Define skilled choosers

A

M/c parents use cultural and economic capital and skills to make informed decisions and choose the best schools for their children.

65
Q

Define social capital

A

The connections and skills to secure benefits possessed by the m/c

66
Q

Define specialist skills

A

Society is based on the interdependence of specialist skills and requires a level of of role differentiation for complex division of labour

67
Q

Define stratification

A

The hierarchal layering of society into distinct groups possessing different levels of wealth or power - Social class or Caste system

68
Q

Define symbolic capital

A

The resources available to the upper classes on the basis of status and prestige

69
Q

Define tripartite system

A

1944 Butler Education Act - created 3 types of schools that sorted students: Grammar, Secondary Moderns, and Secondary Technicals.

70
Q

Define unskilled choosers

A

W/c parents likely to send children to closest school rather that researching or making informed choices as they may feel uncomfortable due to a lack of understanding.

71
Q

Define value consensus (Durkheim)

A

The extent to which individuals in society share the same norms and values via socialisation - without this Anomie occurs

Sociology Paper One (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions