Education & Class Flashcards
What is the restricted code?
Used by the W/C:
- Short sentences
- Simple words
- Assumes the listener share the same experience
What is the elaborated code?
Used by middle class:
• Complex sentences
• Doesn’t assume listeners have the same experiences
• Used by teachers and textbooks
Who came up with the restricted and elaborated code?
Bernstein
What external factors impact class and education
- Cultural deprivation
- Material deprivation
- Cultural capital
What are the main aspects of cultural deprivation
Language, parent’s education and working class subcultures.
How does language contribute to cultural deprivation
Hubbs-Tait: Educated parents use challenging language to evaluate thinking.
Bernstein: Restricted and elaborated code.
How does parental education contribute to cultural deprivation
Douglas: W/C parents place less importance on education and give less encouragement.
Feinstein: M/C pupils advantaged by parents income and parenting and educational behaviour.
Which sociologists argued W/C subcultures prevent children from achieving
Sugarman
What are features of W/C subcultures
(1) Fatalism
(2) Collectivism
(3) Immediate gratification
(4) Present-time orientation
What argues there is a myth of cultural deprivation
Keddie
As she argues CD is victim blaming and one can’t be deprived of their own culture.
What does compensatory educational programmes aim to do
Tackle cultural deprivation by providing resources to compensate for deprivation experienced at home, e.g. surestart.
How can labelling impact education?
It can lead to SFP which is evident by Rosenthal and Jocabson.
What are Bourdieu 3 types of capital?
x Cultural capital
x Educational and economic capital - Can be converted into each other for example children are sent to private schools.
What are examples of material deprivation
- Housing
- Diet and health
- Lack of financial support
- Fear of debt
A* - C economy
Schools are ranked on league tables passed on exam results.
So to get and maintain good league position school focus on pupils with potential.
a. Those who will pass
b. Those with potential
c. Hopeless cases
What is streaming?
Separating children into groups based on ability which increases likelihood of SFP as low streamers attract low expectations.
Polarisation
Where pupils respond to streaming by moving towards an anti-school subcultures or a pro-school subculture.
W/C and achievement (conflicting?)
“The choice is between unworthiness at school for wearing certain clothes and worthlessness at home for not”.
• Forced to choose between maintaining their W/C identifies or abandoning them and conforming to the M/C habitus to succeed.
Responses to pro and anti school subcultures
- Ingration (teacher pet)
- Ritualism
- Retreatism (mucking around)
- Rebellion (rejects all of school’s value)
How does the NIKE identify lead to symbolic violence
Creates self-worth by investing and consuming a particular brand that conflicts with a school’s dress code.
Can lead to marginalisation.
