Education Before Reform

Question 1

1. What was Mao particularly bothered by in terms of education?
2. What % of people had no access to education?
   - What kind of people were they?
3. What were modern schools damned as?
   - However, what did the peasants think of them?
4. What 3 things did education policy switch between from 1949-65?

Answer 1

1. Inequality in opportunity.
2. 90%.
   - Peasants.
3. Foreign style.
   - They preferred them.
4. Desire to replicate successful reforms introduced in Communist held areas during Civil War.
   Pressing needs of economic production.
   Changing levels of commitment to following the Soviet model.

Question 2

1. What % of males over 7 years old could read a simple letter?
   - What % of females over the same age could do this?
2. What % of males received schooling?
   - What % of females received schooling?
3. How many years (on average) of schooling did males receive?
   - Females?
4. What % of students received traditional style education?

Answer 2

1. 30%.
   - 1%.
2. 45%
   - 2%.
3. 4 years.
   - 3 years.
4. 75%.

Question 3

1. What subjects were not included in the traditional subject curriculum?
2. When were the imperial exams abolished?
   - However, the system remained _______.
3. What subject kind dominated higher education?
4. What % of students on a full-time degree studied law, politics or liberal arts?
   - What % studied natural science?
   - What % studied engineering?
   - What % studied agriculture?

Answer 3

1. Practical subjects needed for a modern economy like arithmetic and science.
2. 1905. • Elitist.
3. Humanities.
4. 60%.
   - 10%
   - 10%.
   - 3%

Question 4

1. What was Pedagogy based on? (2)
   - What did Mao think of this?
2. What had happened to 7 of Mao’s fellow students in 1917? (2)

Answer 4

1. Rote learning from books.
   - Openly dismissive.
2. Died from overwork and excessive study.