Education

Question 1

What did Bowels and Gintis say about obedience? (Marxist)

Answer 1

Argued capitalism produces obedient workforce that will accept inequality as inevitable, people who showed independence and creativity led to low grades and those who showed obedience and discipline got high grades.

Question 2

What did Althusser say society consisted of? (Marxism)

Answer 2

Of 2 apparatus: repressive state (police + army keep W/C in line) and ideological state (U/C controls w/c)

Question 3

What did Willis say white boys create?

Answer 3

Patriarchal subcultures

Question 4

What functions of education did Durkheim identify?(functionalism)

Answer 4

Two main functions of education: creating solidarity and teaching specialist skills > leads to division of labour and education transmits norms and values

Question 5

What does parson believe in? (Functionalist) and what did David and Moore argue?

Answer 5

He believes in meritocracy, sees schools as free socialising agency and status is achieved not ascribed.

D+M: argue school performs function of selecting and allocating future work roles.

Question 6

What did Chubb and Moe study with marketisation? (New Right)

Answer 6

Giving consumer choice (compared 60,000 students from low income families and they did 5% better in private schools compared to state)

Question 7

What did Gerwitz and Ball (Marxist) criticise new right for?

Answer 7

Argued competition benefits m/c as they can afford to get into better schools

Question 8

What did lyotard (postmodernist) say about classical thinkers?

Answer 8

Classic thinkers are wrong as there are no longer blanket ideas of society (meta narratives) as society has changed so much that one concept can’t cover everything.

Question 9

What did Douglas say about cultural deprivation?

Answer 9

Many w/c homes lack books and educational toys and w/c families place less value on uni and education.

Question 10

What did Bernstein say?

Answer 10

W/C use restricted code and u/c use elaborate code.

Question 11

What did sugarman say?

Answer 11

W/C subcultures create barriers to education.

Question 12

What did smith and noble say about low income?

What did Howard say about w/c children?

What did Tanner et Al say?

Answer 12

Can seriously limit educational progress leads to material deprivation etc.

Howard: w/c children get less vitamins/minerals
> school being missed.

Tanner et Al: Poorer families can’t afford tutors,equipment and computers.

Question 13

Bordieu: Cultural Capital includes cultural, educational and economic.

What did Dennis and Eric say about economic capital?

Answer 13

Study of Coventry shows m/c can afford house in catchment area of good school (selection by mortgage)

Question 14

What did Palmer say about ethnic minority families?

Answer 14

Nearly 1/2 are low income, and ethnic minorities are 2X more likely to be unemployed and face material challenges.

Question 15

What did Wood et Al study?

Answer 15

Job applications: 3, one wb name one wb women name and one ethnic sounding name : only 1/16 ethnic got accepted compared to 1/9 of white.

Question 16

What did Gillborn and Youdell study with self fulfilling prophecy?

What did Wright say about Asian kids?

What did Fuller study about SDP?

Answer 16

Teachers quicker to discipline black students > sfp > rebel

Wright: Teachers assumed Asian kids couldn’t understand English > left out of discussions.

Fuller: studied yr 11 black girls who rejected underachieving label > worked hard to achieve.

Question 17

What did Gillborn say about institutional racism?

What did David say about the ethnocentric curriculum?

What did Tinky et Al say about black students?

Answer 17

‘Race inequality is a central and constant feature in the education system’

David: national curriculum is specifically British

Tilky et Al: more likely to be placed into lower tier gcse exams due to lower sets.

Question 18

What did Mcrobbie see that helped gender achievement?

Answer 18

Magazines showed independent women, empowers girls in school

Question 19

What did Sharpe study?

Answer 19

Interviewed girls in 1970’s and found low aspirations due to focus on marriage etc.

Question 20

Feminism/gender achievement statistics

Answer 20

2007: 70% employed are females

Only 16% of primary school teachers are male

1 in 100 childcare are boys

Question 21

What did Epstein and Francis (2001) say about laddish subculture

Answer 21

More likely to be labelled as sissies and more worried about it by peers.

Question 22

What did Byrne say?

Answer 22

Boys expected to be tough and girls expected to be quiet and tidy.

Question 23

What did Archer say about ethnicity?

Answer 23

Teachers use ethnicity when constructing identity of students.

Ideal(white m/c), pathologised(Asia) and Demonised(black,w/c)

Also w/c had to speak and dress like m/c in order to be successful.

Question 24

What did Gorard say?

Answer 24

Coursework benefited girls, took more care and were better organised.

Question 25

What are the functionalist evaluation?

Answer 25

Feminist: Oakley, nuclear family and socialisation of women contributes to oppressive patriarchy. + rose tinted.

Question 26

What’s the difference between positivists and interpretivists?

Answer 26

Positivists: what, love hypothesis, quantitative

Interpretivists: why, love general aim, qualitative.

Question 27

What did Durkheim say about statistics?

Answer 27

No stats on religion of suicide victims

Question 28

What did interpretivist Atkinson say about statistics?

Answer 28

Deaths only judged as suicide by coroner

Question 29

What did Scott say about documents?

Answer 29

Assessing: Credibility, Representativeness, Authenticity, Meaning

Question 30

What are lab experiments and field experiments? What was the famous lab experiment?

Answer 30

Lab: test subject behaviour in controlled conditions (preferred by positivists)

Field: Take place in natural environment of subjects (no Hawthorne effect)

Milgram: study on obedience, ask subjects to give electric shocks to a ‘learner’ behind a door and when they got it wrong > shock (see if they would obey) 65% gave fatal shock.

Question 31

Give an example of the comparative method?

Answer 31

Durkheim: study of suicide, which Christian group more likely to commit suicide. Result: Catholic’s less likely than Protestants

Question 32

What 2 studies are there on participant observations?

Answer 32

Lewis - Teen gang likely to see questionnaires as unwelcoming

Ned - good at pool > in with pool hustle easier

Question 33

Who almost got found out by gang for paying in cash in a participant observation?

Answer 33

Patrick

Question 34

What 4 studies are there on questionnaires?

Answer 34

Connor + Dawson: posted 4,000 q
Hite: low response rate in study of love
Circoure: argue lacks validity (inter)
Y+W: over 100 pilot studies