Education Flashcards
What is the role of the education system ?
.schools transmit shared values to each generation to help create social solidarity e.g teaching history to see as something larger.
.Need to co operate with people and interact with appropriate conduct.
.school helps with social division and labour.
What does meritocracy mean?
Where individuals are rewarded based on ability and effort. You earn your reward.
functions in education : What do “parsons” say about the role of education ?
.Bridge between family and wider society; schools and family act on different principles
.education is the transitional phase that helps children move from family baes values to the universal values of society.
.parson believes in meritocratic principles, where achievement is determined by ability and effort rather than ascribed characteristics.
What do the sociologists (functionalists) Davis and moor say about the role of the education system?
.education system acts as a mechanism for role allocation by assessing student skills and ability’s.
.inequality is necessary so most important roles are filled by most talented, needs to offer high pay for these jobs
.education “shifts and sorts” us according to our ability.
What do the new right say abut the education system?
.They agree with functionalists that education should promote shared competition, disapline.
.They advocate that schools should operate like businesses competing for children
.They emphasise parentocracy where parents ave the right to choose the best school for children.This is indented to create a competitive environment for schools to improve their performance to attract more students.
What do chubb and moe say about the education system?
they claim disadvantage groups such as low class and ethnics are badly served by the state which has failed to create equal opportunity’s
.state education is inefficient as it fails to teach skills need by economy
.private schools deliver high quality education as they are answerable to consumers.
Marxists in education: What does Althuser say about the education system?
.State is how the ruling class maintain their power and dominant positions keep the bourgeoisie in power.
.repressive state apparatus: maintain the rule of the bourgeoise by force or threat e.g the police, courts and army, when needed, they use physical tactics to repress the working class
.ideological state apparatus: maintain the rule of the bourgeoisie by controlling peoples and beliefs e.g region etc.
explain Althusser: education as ISA (ideological state apparatus)
.reproduces class inequality by passing it on from generation to generation of the working class system.
keeps the rich,rich and the poor, poor } keep the class as it is.
What does Bourdieu (Marxists) believe in? in the role of the education system?
symbolic violence : means we are neglected
.limited social mobility
.system disregards culture of working class as it is run by the middle class, so they end up doing well.
.middle class culture is valued
What is the view of Bowles and Gintis for the role of education?
.role of eduction is to reporoduce and obediant work force that will accept inequality,hard work,low pay and orders from above
.schools help produce obedient workers
.school and work in a capital system are very similar
.structure of education mirrors work.
What is cultural deprivation?
.Where some children lack attitudes, values, skills or knowledge that schools expect, often because of their upbringing
.lack of books, parents not involved in their education.
.this is often to explain why working class kids might do worse in school compared to middle class kids.
what does marxists Douglas say about cultural deprivation?
that WC pupils score lower on tests. This is due to WC parents being unable to support their children intellectual development.
What do Bernstein and young say about cultural deprivation?
how mothers think about and choose toys affect intellectual development. MC mothers are more likely to choose toys that encourage thinking and reasoning skills for school
Bernstein: What is the elaborated code?
.typical MC
.wider vocab and based on grammatically complex sentences. speech is varied and involves abstract ideas.
.mc kids are fluent in this code when they start school and are used to it and feel “at home” in school
.examples: textbooks, exam papers are all written in elaborated code
Bernstien: What is the restricted code?
.typical WC
.limited vocab, short, often unfinished and grammatically simple sentences
.speech is predictable involving single word and gestures
What does Douglas say about cultural deprivation: attitudes and values?
Wc parents place less value on education : less ambition, less encouragement , less interest, visit less often and less likely to discuss progress with teachers so kids will have lower levels of achievement+motivation.
What does Feinstein say about cultural deprivation : attitudes and values?
WC parents lack of interest is the main reason for underachievement even m ore so than formal hardship. Mc parents provide motivation, discipline and support
What does hyman say about cultural deprivation: attitudes and values?
Values and beliefs of LC are a self imposed barrier to school and work success. They believe they have less opportunity for advancement and place little value on high achieving jobs so no place for education. Subculture beliefs ensure they don’t want school success nor know how to get it.
What does sugarman (1970) say about cultural deprivation: attitudes and values?
That WC subcultres have four features that ac as a barrier:
.fatalism: “there is nothing you can do do to change status”
.collectivism: values being as a group rather than individual success (contrasts MC)
.Immediate gratification: seeking pleasure now. MC would - sacrifice now, get rewards later.
.present:time orientation-present is more important than past.This is because MC jobs are secure with long term prospects which encourage ambition+future planning.
What does nell Keddie say about cultural deprivation?
says cultural deprivation theory is a myth and is “victim blaming” children are not culturally deprived, they are culturally different. They fail as education is dominated by MC values.
What does troyna and williams (1986) say about cultural deprivation?
problem isnt the childs language but schools attitude towards it. Teachers have a “speech hierarchy “
What do blackstone and mortimer say about cultural dperivation? (parents evening)
WC dont attend parents evening due to lack of interest but because they are working linger hours and putt off by muddle class atmosphere
What are the three different types of capital?
(by bourdieu)
cultural capital, educational capital and economic all lead to success if you have all three.
What was rists (1970) study on labelling?
(american kindergarten)
used info about childrens home bakcground and appearance to place them into different groups:
tigers= fast learners, mc, clean and neat appearance, placed near to the teacher and shown great encouragement
clowns and cardnials = Wc, lower level books to read and fewer opportunity’s to demonstrate abilities.
