Education Flashcards

1
Q

What happened in the Brown v Board of Education case?

A
  • 1952 - NAACP take 5 desegregation cases to the Supreme Court
  • They proved that seperate WAS NOT equal
  • Earl Warren replaces pro-segregation judge in December 1952
  • May 1954 - Sepreme Court ruled that “seperate but equal” had no place in education
  • May 1955 - Supreme Court called for desegregation
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2
Q

Why was Brown successful?

A
  • Southern states began to desegregate schools
  • Plessey case was reversed
  • Led to many further legal victories
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3
Q

Why was Brown unsuccessful?

A
  • Threats and violence to black children increased
  • Some Southern governors pledged to keep segregation
  • White Citizens Council set up in Mississippi to keep segregation
  • White parent groups were unhappy and protested
  • KKK membership grew
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4
Q

Long term effects of Brown vs Topeka:

A
  • More awareness of civil rights
  • Black students faced hostility in integrated schools
  • Many whites moved away from areas with a high black population
  • Desegregation was very patchy and slow
  • Many black teachers lost their jobs and struggled in integrated schools
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5
Q

How did white people oppose integration?

A

White Citizens Council:
- Grew rapidly and campaigned against desegregation
- Violence escalated
- Threatened families

Political Opposition:
- Senator Harry Byrd demanded resistance
- Prince Edward county in Virginia closed all schools
- Schools were slow to integrate
- Some schools segregated within the school and gave admission tests to black students which were unfair.

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6
Q

What happened at little rock? (1)

A
  • School desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas up to 1957 – only 9 black students applied and chose to go
  • Actions of Orval Faubus – Arkansas governor sent troops to prevent black students from entering the school
  • Daisy Bates (NAACP) – arranged for students to arrive at school together
  • Elizabeth Eckford – missed the message and arrived alone, subjected to abuse from white mob – famous picture
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7
Q

What happened at Little Rock? (2)

A
  • Publicity – pictures/TV seen worldwide
  • President Eisenhower’s orders – ordered Faubus to remove the state troops
  • The outcome - Eisenhower sent federal troops to control the situation and the nine black students attended school
  • May 1958 and September 1959 – Faubus closed all the schools for a year before being forced by parents to open the again
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8
Q

Why was Little Rock important?

A
  • It forced President Eisenhower to take action
  • It led to the Civil Rights Act in 1957
  • Drew worldwide attention
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