Education

Question 1

external class difference 1

Answer 1

parents education

• parents of wc were often less educated and therefore less supportive of their children’s education
• may have had bad experiences so this reflects on their children
• less encourage to

Question 2

external class difference 2

Answer 2

parents language

• feinstein suggests educated parents talk to their children with more encouraging phrases
• bernstein restricted and elaborated code, wc use slag so lacks communication with teachers

Question 3

external class difference 3

Answer 3

material deprivation

• poor housing, overcrowding, no space for homework or activities
• low income, no finance for school books and stationary
• diet and health, lack nutrients and minerals, more sickness, more absents

Question 4

internal class difference 1

Answer 4

pupils class identities + the school

• symbolic capital, mc children are socialised into mc tastes and values (habitus)
• archer focused on the interaction between wc pupils and the school

Question 5

internal class difference 2

Answer 5

nike identities

-style performance heavily policed by peers and not conforming is ‘social suicide’

Question 6

internal class difference 3

Answer 6

labelling and streaming

• teachers label wc children as disruptive and naughty
• streaming
• self fulfilling prophecy

Question 7

external ethic difference 1

Answer 7

attitudes and values

• poor parental support due to bad experience
• lack of motivation for many black children due to failure to socialise

Question 8

external ethnic difference 2

Answer 8

sewell - fathers, gangs and cultures

-lack of fatherly nurturing results in black boys not having stable role models

Question 9

external ethic difference 3

Answer 9

asian families

• ruth lupton argues that adult authority in asian families is similar to schools
• parents support behaviour policies

Question 10

internal ethic difference 1

Answer 10

marketisation and segregation

-gillborn argues schools select certain pupils based on negative stereotypes

Question 11

internal ethnic difference 2

Answer 11

black pupils and discipline

• teachers quicker to discipline black pupils
• gillborn argues this is a result of ‘racialised expectation’

Question 12

internal ethnic difference 3

Answer 12

labelling and teacher racism

• teachers see black and asians as far from the ‘ideal’ pupil
• black pupils seen as disruptive and asians as passive so treat differently

Question 13

external gender difference 1

Answer 13

Archer

• some girls are not successful due to conflict between a wc female identity
• being loud
• having a boyfriend
• hyper heterosexual feminine identity

Question 14

external gender difference 2

Answer 14

changes in woman’s employment

• in 1970s it became illegal to pay women less than men
• woman now breaking through ‘glass ceiling’

Question 15

external gender difference 3

Answer 15

girls changing ambitions

• in 1974 girls wanted husband, marriage and kids
• by 1990s girls wanted a future for themselves with own career and income (sue sharpe)

Question 16

internal gender difference 1

Answer 16

social policies

• traditionally girls won’t receive the same education
• british uni’s would not grant degrees to girls until 1947

Question 17

internal gender difference 2

Answer 17

positive role models in schools

• increase in female teachers + heads
• these women in senior positions show girls that they can achieve it too

Question 18

internal gender difference 3

Answer 18

GCSE and coursework

• girls spend more time on work
• take more care + bring correct equipment
• better at meeting deadlines
• better at coursework based subjects

Question 19

statistics for gender differences in achievement

Answer 19

• in 2001 47% of females achieved 1 or more passes at A Level and only 37% of boys did
• only 1% of males do childcare, 99% of them is girls

Question 20

streaming

Answer 20

splitting pupils into groups based on their ability, which they stay in across all subjects

Question 21

labelling

Answer 21

to attach a meaning or definition to a person

Question 22

educational triage

Answer 22

• those who will pass anyway and will get on with their work
• hopeless causes doomed to fail
• those with potential can be helped to achieve a good grade

Question 23

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 23

the prediction of someone coming true, simply by virtue of being made. n

Question 24

Education Reform Act 1988

Answer 24

An act introduced by the conservative government, the marketisation of education

Question 25

FUNCTIONALISM

Answer 25

• Perspective which views all institutions (education) having specific and necessary functions in society.
• Serves function of creating well adapted adults for working world.
• Durkheim believes this is done in 3 ways: socialisation, skills provision and role allocation

Question 26

THE NEW RIGHT

Answer 26

• Theorists believe in a free market, and are opposed to heavily interventionist state policies.
• Education needs to experience marketisation and privatisation in order to become a responsive and competitive part of the market.

Question 27

MARXISM

Answer 27

• Views education as part of the superstructure which seeks to legitimise the capitalist econmic system.
• Education reflects the interests of the powerful ruling classes and teaches working class students to accept their place in society.

Question 28

NEO-MARXISM

Answer 28

• Views the bourgeoisie as the most powerful group in society.
• Working class students within education will likely create diverse and fluid negotiations of their class position