Education Flashcards
What did the 1918 Education Act reform?
- Increased school leaving age to 14
- Introduced a new tier of county colleges for students up to the age of 18
- Divided curriculum between ‘practical instruction’ for less able students and ‘advanced instruction’ for more able students
- Transferred costs of education from LEAs to central government
What did the transfer of costs of education from LEAs to central government result in?
Improvement in teacher salaries and pensions. The government hoped this would improve school standards
What did The ‘Butler’ Act (1944) do?
- No longer charged fees for state secondary schools
- Costs of mass education paid for out of general taxation
- School leaving age raised to 15
- ## Introduced the tripartite system of grammar, secondary modern and technical schools
What was important about the butler act?
Millions of working class children had a free and compulsory education for the first time and girls were able to attend school
What did the 1976 education act do?
Further reiterated the 1965 demands for LEAs to submit proposals for making their schools comprehensive
What did the 1967 Plowden Report change?
- Banned corporal punishment in schools
- Gave children more freedom in the classroom
- Encouraged teachers to help and advise rather than lecture
What was the yellow book?
1976 report published by James Callaghan (pm) suggesting that progressive education methods were a harm to teaching
What did the yellow book state?
- School discipline had declined
- School curricula didn’t prepare students for productive roles in the economy
- The government and public had little to say over what went on in schools
What was the Ruskin speech?
Speech delivered by James Callaghan at Ruskin college about progressive education
What did the Ruskin speech suggest?
- Progressive education failed when applied incorrectly
- He didn’t wish to return to the rote learning of the 1950s
- There should be a national curriculum that all schools follow
- Teachers should be closer scrutinised and inspected
The number of university students achieving undergraduate degrees increased from what in 1918 to what by 1979?
10,000 in 1918 to over 60,000 by 1979
What was the open university?
Gave people of any age the chance to get a qualification by being able to study at home
When was the open university established?
1969
Why was an increase in university education important?
Led to a decrease in deference as more working class people were gaining degrees and getting high paid jobs, and there was more social mobility
Why was social class still an issue at universities throughout the period?
Pupils from private schools, especially Eton and Harrow, were over-represented at elite universities such as Oxford, Cambridge and St Andrews
