Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Educ-210 > Educ-210-module 1 to 6 > Flashcards

Educ-210-module 1 to 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Projection says that 25% to 28% of Canadian will be foreign by…

A

2031

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The first found power of a teacher is…

A

The relationship with a student

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What predicts the success of a student through grade 8?

A

The relationship teacher/student in kindergarten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A good teacher must…..

A

Adapt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is one way of going beyond accommodation?

A

Differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

….. is one way of going beyond accomodating learner differences to viewing as an array of s on which to build

A

Differentiated instruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the goals of educational psychology?

A

Understand and improve the teaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

…..often include survey results, interview responses….of class activities.

A

Descriptive studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

…..is a number that indicates both the strength and the direction of a relationship between two events or measurements

A

Correlation study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The close the correlation is to 1 or -1 the….

A

Stronger the relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

……can indicate cause and effect

A

Experimental study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During …… studies, instead of just observing and describing an existing situation, the investigators introduce changes and note the results

A

Experimental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the biggest difference between experimental and quasi-experimental study?

A

The participants are not assigned to groups at random

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

… studies take many detailed observations of subjects to track the progression of change from the very beginning until a process becomes stable

A

micro-genetic studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an established relationship between two factors or more?

A

a principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an interrelated set of concepts that are used to explain a body of data and to make predictions about the results of future experiments?

A

a theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the strongest predictors of student achievement in reading and mathematics?

A

Teachers preparation and certification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a descriptive approach to research that focuses on life within a group and tries to understand the meaning of events to the people involved

A

ethology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a statistical description of how closely two variables are related?

A

correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are research methods in which variables are manipulated and the effects recorded

A

experimentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a study that document changes that occur in subjects over time, often years?

A

longitudinal study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a study that focuses on groups of subjects at different ages rather than following the same group for many years?

A

cross-sectional study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a relationship between two variables in which the two increase or decrease together (ex: calorie intake and weight gain)?

A

positive correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a relationship between two variables in which a high value on one is associated with a low value on the other (ex: height and distance from the top of head to the ceiling)?

A

negative correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a systematic observation or testing of methods that teachers conduct to improve teaching and learning for their students?

A

action research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What kind of research study involves an intensive examination of real-life contexts through observations?

A

Ethnographic study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

if a researcher participates in a class over a 2-month period and analyzes the strategies the teachers employ to maintain discipline, it a?

A

ethnographic study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

when two factors are relatively independent, the correlation coefficient is likely to be around?

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When you want to determine the relationship between two factors, you should use?

A

correlation study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Random assignments would be most critical in?

A

experimental research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who said: a good theory can give you a new way of thinking about a problem.

A

Woolfolk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Who produce the two most important theories on cognitive development?

A

Piaget and Vygotsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Piaget is an?

A

Epistemologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

According to Piaget, knowledge begins with?

A

an action on an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Piaget considers himself a?

A

constructivist, therefore, continual creativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Does a child draw what he or she sees?

A

No, he or she draws the perception of what he or she sees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

According to Piaget, what are the 4 stages of development?

A

sensorimoteur - 0 to 2
preoperational - 2 to 7
concrete operational - 7 to 11
formal operational - 11 to adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Does Piaget’s theory highlight the role of a mentor or a professor?

A

No, learn by yourself, discover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

According to Piaget, what are the 4 factors that change the thinking process?

A

biological maturation
activity
social experience
equilibration (search of mental valance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

According to Piaget, what are the 2 basic instinct that all species inherit?

A

organization

adaptation by assimilation of accomodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Did Piaget concentrate more on guiding the teachers or on children’s thinking?

A

On children’s thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What was Piaget’s main goal?

A

help children learn how to learn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

According to Vygostsky, why don’t children have internal speech?

A

Because they don’t understand speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

According to Vygostsky, when do children interiorise speech?

A

When they begin school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Vygostky focused on?

A

the mental development of children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

According to Vygostky, how does an infant starts learning?

A

imitation, then imitating and understanding then internalize the concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How do we call it when a child can do something on its own? the area between the learner’s current development level and the level the learner could achieve with some support form a more capable peer

A

a zone of proximal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is: genetically programmed, naturally occurring changes over time?

A

maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

maturation

A

genetically programmed, naturally occurring changes over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is: orderly, adaptive changes that humans (or animals) go through from conception to death?

A

development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

development

A

orderly, adaptive changes that humans (or animals) go through from conception to death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the 4 types of development?

A

physical
personal
social
cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

unused neurons will be…

A

pruned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Do people generally development at the same rate?

A

no, different rate but same order and gradually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

On what basis synaptic connections are formed?

A

on individual’s experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Will extra stimulation improve development for young children?

A

Not necessarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the last part of the brain to develop?

A

the frontal lobe of cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

The cortex has 3 major functions?

A

receiving signals from sense organs
controlling voluntary movement
forming associations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Why is lateralization important?

A

to equilibrate the two sides of the brain so they work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the last part of the cortex to develop?

A

the frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

Higher-order thinking processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What does the temporal lobe of the cortex control?

A

emotion, judgement and language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What system develops earlier?

A

the limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

the prefrontal lobe takes more time to develop, it is involved with?

A

judgment and decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

How do children regulate their own behaviour?

A

by using private speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

According to Vygotsky, what explains that children regulate their own behaviour by using private speech?

A

it guides cognitive development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Is the Piagetian method too reliant on language, thus underestimating the intellectual abilities of younger children?

A

Piaget arrived at his theory by paying close attention to how children explained their thinking while solving problems. Since children may vary in their language skills, this will necessarily affect the assessment of cognitive development from a Piagetian perspective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Could effective instruction facilitate learning?

A

yes, children can learn to perform cognitive operations such a conversation, with effective instruction. They do not have to naturally discover these ways of thinking on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the role of culture in cognitive learning?

A

when a culture or context emphasizes a cognitive ability, children growing up in that culture tend to acquire the corresponding ability sooner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is the basis of Piaget’s theory?

A

on the assumption that people try to make sense of the world and actively create knowledge through direct experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

According to Vygostky, what are the building blocks of thinking?

A

schemes, people adapt to their environment as they increase and organize their schemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What did Piaget underestimate?

A

children’s cognitive abilities. He insisted that children could not be taught the operations of the next stage, but had to develop them on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What did Piaget overlooked?

A

cultural factors in child development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

According to Piaget, private speech was an indication of the child’s what?

A

egocentrism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

According to Vygotsky, cognitive development hinges on?

A

social interaction and development of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What did Vigostky overemphasized?

A

the role of social interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What must be very carefully balanced to encourage growth?

A

desequilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Since according to Piaget learning is a constructive process, learning should be…

A

include both physical manipulation of objects and mental manipulation of ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What provides the raw materials for thinking?

A

concrete experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

According to Piaget, the foundation for development in all humans is supplied by…

A

maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Jeannie observed rocks sinking in water and said: I knew that all rocks sink. Then, she saw a piece of pumice floating on water and was told that pumice is rock. Several days later, she was asked again if rocks sink in water. She replied, well most do.
In Piaget’s terms, what process did Jeannie use to draw this conclusion

A

She is using accommodation by changing her ideas about the rock through new knowledge and experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Do the Piagetian stages concern ways of thinking or age levels?

A

ways of thinking, not particular age levels or levels of intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What range of age is the private speech most common?

A

age 5 to 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

According to Vygostky, what is the beneficial function of private speech?

A

guiding activities in solving a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

How many years ahead of male do female mature?

A

About 2

86
Q

Is early maturation beneficial for girls?

A

no

87
Q

What does play support?

A

brain development, language and social development

88
Q

According to Bronfenbrenner, every person develops within:

A

a microsystem embedded in a mesosystem inside a ecosystem and all of these part of the macrosystem influenced by the chronosystem

89
Q

What is the microsystem?

A

immediate relationships and activities

90
Q

What is the ecosystem?

A

larger social settings

91
Q

What is a mesosystem?

A

relationships among the microsystem

92
Q

What is a macrosystem?

A

culture

93
Q

What is chronosystem?

A

time period

94
Q

What are the four types of parenting?

A

authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
rejecting

95
Q

What type of parenting is authoritative?

A

warm parents that set clear and reasonable limits

96
Q

What type of parenting is authoritarian?

A

cold and prompt to punishment, demand that children submit to their rules. High in control and low in warmth and responsiveness with the expectation that children follow their order without negotiation. Harsh and punitive in their discipline style

97
Q

What type of parenting is permissive?

A

fair parents

98
Q

What type of parenting is rejecting?

A

uninvolved

99
Q

If you have authoritative parents you will be…

A

more likely to be happy with themselves and relate well to others

100
Q

If you have authoritarian parents you will be…

A

lower levels of self-control and may be less popular with peers

101
Q

If you have permissive or rejecting parents you will be…

A

often have trouble in their relationships and are more likely to engage in risky and delinquent behaviour

102
Q

What are the Erikson and Bronfenbrenner theories about?

A

how individual develop the sense of who they are through social interactions

103
Q

What are the Gilligan and Goldberg theories about?

A

how individual make their choices and actions from a moral standpoint

104
Q

What are the pillars of morality?

A

reciprocity (fairness) and empathy (compassion)

105
Q

What is the psychosocial theory of development according to Erikson?

A

the relationship between society and the individual. It connects the personal development to the social environment

106
Q

How many stages of life does human go through according to Erikson?

A

8 and each involve a central crisis. Adequate resolution of each crisis leads to greater personal and social competence and stronger foundation for solving future crisis

107
Q

What is stage 1 and 2?

A

an infant must develop a sense of trust and autonomy

108
Q

What is stage 3?

A

developing initiative and avoiding feelings of guilt

109
Q

What is stage 4?

A

achieving a sense of industry and avoiding feelings of inferiority

110
Q

What is stage 5?

A

identity versus role confusion

111
Q

What are stages 6, 7 and 8?

A

struggles to achieve intimate generativity and integrity

112
Q

What is self-concept?

A

our attempts to build a scheme that organize our impressions, feelings, and attitudes about ourselves

113
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

an evaluation of your self-worth

114
Q

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development includes which 3 levels?

A
  1. pre-conventional level
  2. conventional level
  3. post-conventional level
115
Q

What is the pre-conventional level?

A

where judgments are based on self-interest

116
Q

What is the conventional level?

A

where judgments are based on traditional family values and social expectations

117
Q

What is the post-conventional level?

A

where judgments are based on more abstract and personal ethical principles

118
Q

According to Gilligan, were the women’s development adequately represented in Kohlberg’s research?

A

it was not

119
Q

What is one of the influences on the development of moral behavior?

A

modelling

120
Q

According to Erickson, the crisis that some individual faces at each developmental stage involve…

A

a conflict between a positive alternative and a potentially unhealthy alternative.

121
Q

When does a child begin to assume responsibilities for self-care?

A

during the autonomy vs shame and doubt period

122
Q

If a parent does not reinforce the activities in self-care, the child may…

A

begin to lose confidence in his or her abilities to do things for themselves

123
Q

During what stage do children branch out from the homeworld and cope with academics, group activities and friends in developing a sense of industry.

A

industry vs inferiority

124
Q

If a child is considering real-life options, making choices and pursuing them, he or she is…

A

experiencing identity achievement

125
Q

What is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem?

A

self-concept is cognitive while self-esteem is an affective reaction

126
Q

What is the Big fish little pond?

A

children in average schools may feel better about their own abilities than those in high ability schools

127
Q

What is the basis for intelligence?

A

it is a biological basis and education plays a parallel role in nurturing an individual potential

128
Q

What is inclusion philosophy?

A

it provides all learners the opportunity to achieve their true potential in a least restrictive environment

129
Q

Gardner suggests 8 types of unique intelligence.

A
  1. musical
  2. spatial
  3. naturalist
  4. linguistic
  5. bodily/kinesthetic
  6. intrapersonal
  7. interpersonal
  8. logical mathematical
130
Q

Gardner then added 2 more.

A
  1. spiritual

2. existential

131
Q

Sternberg believes that the processes of intelligence are…

A

universal for all human

132
Q

According to Sternberg, there is 3 successful intelligence.

A
  1. analytic
  2. creative
  3. practical
133
Q

What is analytic intelligence?

A

involves the mental processes in term of components

134
Q

What is creative intelligence?

A

involves coping with new experiences through insight or automaticity

135
Q

What is practical intelligence?

A

choosing to live and work in a context made up mostly of action oriented tacit knowledge learned during everyday life

136
Q

What is people-first language?

A

the emphasis is on the students first, not on the special challenges these students face

137
Q

What is a disability?

A

an inability to do something specific

138
Q

What is a handicap?

A

a disadvantage in certain situations

139
Q

Spearman suggested that there is one mental attribute which he called…

A

g, used to perform any mental test

140
Q

Intelligence test scores predict success in…

A

school

141
Q

Intelligence test is less predictive of success in …

A

life

142
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A

the fact that IQ questions are getting harder and harder and people who were not identified as having intellectual disabilities a generation ago might be identified as disabled now

143
Q

What can affect school performance?

A

learning style and learning preferences

144
Q

What are the learning style distinctions that are the most well supported by research?

A

deep versus surface
deep = understanding some underlying concepts or meaning
surface = memorizing the learning material, not understanding

145
Q

What often helps students with learning disabilities?

A

a focus on learning strategies

146
Q

What are the best approaches for students with emotional and behavioral disorders?

A

behavioral approaches and direct teaching of social skills

147
Q

What is RTI?

A

Response to intervention: an approach to supporting students with learning problems as early as possible

148
Q

What is the 3-tiered system for RTI process

A
  1. use strong, well-researched way of teaching all students
  2. getting extra support and additional small group instruction
  3. one to one intensive help and perhaps a special nee assessment
149
Q

Many psychologists theorize…

A

intelligence is a collection of abilities rather than one type of ability

150
Q

What is QI?

A

a score comparing mental age to chronoligical age. (ma/ca) * 100

151
Q

Psychologist today believe that intelligence is influenced equally by…

A

heredity and environment

152
Q

What is beneficial for gifted students?

A

both acceleration and enrichment

153
Q

What seems to be the most effective in helping students with attention deficits?

A

behavior management strategies (can supplement or replace drug therapy by teaching students strategies for learning

154
Q

Is language differences a disorder?

A

no, ex: speaking in a strong dialect

155
Q

What is one current explanation for Autism Spectrum Disorders?

A

lack a theory of mind

156
Q

By what age most children have mastered almost all the sound of their native language?

A

age 5

157
Q

In terms of vocabulary, we understand more…

A

words then we use

158
Q

What is pragmatic?

A

knowledge of how to use language

159
Q

Two broad categories of skills that are important for later reading?

A
  1. understanding sounds and codes

2. oral language skill such as expressive and receptive vocabulary. ability to understand and tell stories

160
Q

When is the best time to learn accurate pronunciation?

A

early childhood

161
Q

Proficiency in a second language has two separate aspects.

A

face to face and academic

162
Q

What do we call the difference between how man and woman talk?

A

genderlect

163
Q

What are the 4 general profiles of English language learners?

A
  1. balances bilinguals: speak, read and write well both languages
  2. monolingual/literate: literate in their native language but speak limited English
  3. monolingual/preliterate: are not literate. they may not read or write in their native language
  4. limited bilingual: can converse well in both languages but for some reason have trouble learning academically
164
Q

What is generation 1.5?

A

students who were not born in Canada but came with their families when they were young

165
Q

The more proficient students are in their first language, the …

A

faster they will master the second

166
Q

What is discrimination?

A

unequal treatment of actions toward particular categories of people

167
Q

What is SES?

A

socioeconomic status is a term used by sociologists for variations in wealth, power, control…

168
Q

SES and school achievement are…

A

moderately correlated

169
Q

The longer the child is in poverty…

A

the stronger the impact in on achievement

170
Q

Do low SES children lose academic ground outside school over the summer

A

yes, higher children continue to advance

171
Q

Ethnicity is…

A

culturally transmitted behaviour

172
Q

Race is…

A

biologically transmitted physical traits

173
Q

What are the t1o strands of elements that bind students to their classroom?

A
  1. self-agency, capacity to set and pursue goals

2. caring and connected relationships with the teacher, peer, and the home

174
Q

When is the best time to teach a second language?

A

early or middle childhood

175
Q

Is there a penalty for students who learn and speak a second language?

A

no cognitive penalty

176
Q

What is metalinguistic awareness?

A

knowledge about the rules and conventions of a language.

177
Q

At what stage can children understand rules, capitalization…

A

at the metalinguistic awareness stage

178
Q

How long does it take a student to be able to communicate face to face in a second language

A

2 to 3 years

179
Q

How long does it take to master a second language?

A

5 to 10 years

180
Q

What do aboriginal cultures train and reward?

A

visual-motor and spatial skill (contrary to the dominant culture where verbal skills are rewarded)

181
Q

Does regrouping students by sec make teaching easier?

A

No, in fact it may make class management more challenging

182
Q

What influences learning?

A

external stimuli and circumstance

183
Q

Who introduced the theory of contiguity?

A

Pavlo

184
Q

Pavlov argued…

A

human behavior is acquired when people actively operate on their environment - operant conditioning

185
Q

Human will likely repeat a behavior when it is…

A

reinforced

186
Q

Human will more likely extinguish a behavior through

A

punishment

187
Q

Bandura’s theory is that…

A

human often imitate or learn a behavior that they have observed - theory of observation learning

188
Q

When will human reproduce a behavior that they have seen?

A

When there is sufficient incentive to do so

189
Q

What are the basic assumptions of behavioral theories

A
  1. learning results in a change in behavior

2. contiguity and consequences affect the process of learning

190
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that evokes an emotional or physiological response. Later, the neutral stimulus alone evokes the response.
Therefore, the neutral stimulus is conditioned to bring forth a conditioned response. tension when you hear a dentist’s drill

191
Q

A reinforcer will…

A

strengthen a desirable behavior

192
Q

A punisher will…

A

reduce the frequency of an undesirable behavior

193
Q

Negative-reinforcer is…

A

removing an aversive stimulus to increase the frequency of a desirable behavior

194
Q

Removal punishment is…

A

removing privilege

195
Q

Variable ratio is…

A

the slot machines pay off after an indeterminate number of uses

196
Q

Variable intervals are …

A

pop quizzes

197
Q

When does learning occur?

A

when experience causes a change in a person’s knowledge or behavior Changes simply caused by maturation, illness…. are excluded from a general definition of learning

198
Q

What is contiguity learning?

A

association of two events because of repeated pairing

199
Q

What is classical learning?

A

association of automatic responses to new stimuli

200
Q

What is operant learning?

A

learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences or antecedents

201
Q

What is observational learning?

A

by learning

202
Q

Skinner’s concept of operant conditioning is…

A

people learn through the effects of their deliberate responses

203
Q

What always strengthens a behavior?

A

the process of reinforcement, positive or negative

204
Q

What encourages persistence in a behavior?

A

ratio schedule

205
Q

What encourages persistence of response?

A

variable schedules

206
Q

What is a cue?

A

an antecedent stimulus just before a particular behavior is to take place

207
Q

What is a prompt?

A

an additional cue following the first cue. Slowly fade the prompt so the student does not become dependant on the prompt

208
Q

the steps

A
  1. clearly specify the behavior to be changed and note the current level
  2. plan a specific intervention using antecedents, consequences or both
  3. keep track of the results and modify the plan if necessary
209
Q

The Premack principle states that…

A

a high-frequency behavior (preferred activity) can be effective-reinforcer for a low-frequency behavior

210
Q

To help students develop new responses a little at a time you use…

A

shaping. It is useful for building complex skill, increasing persistence, endurance.

211
Q

Punishment does not lead to positive behavior or compassion for other…

A

it may interfere with developing a caring relationship

212
Q

What is self-management?

A

students can analyze their own behavior

Educ-210 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions