Edrolo chapter 2 Flashcards
Define Fuel
substance that is used, usually combusted, that has energy stored in its bonds
Define Fossil Fuel
natural fuel that is formed in the earth from plant or animal remains
Define Coal
combustible fossil fuel formed by the partial decay of plant matter
Define Petrodiesel
liquid hydrocarbon fossil fuel obtained from crude oil
Define Natural Gas
fossil fuel consisting largely of hydrocarbons
Define Coal Seam Gas
natural gas sourced from coal deposits
Define Greenhouse Effect
process of the warming of the Earth’s lower atmosphere due to the increased quantities of gases, like carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane, in the air
Define Non-renewable Resource
resource that cannot be replenished as quickly as it is consumed
Define Fracking
process involving injecting liquid at high pressure into coal & shale rocks to force open fissures (cracks) to extract the gas
Define Biofuel
fuel sourced from organic matter
Define Biogas
gaseous fuel produced by the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter
Define Bioethanol
fuel produced by the fermentation of glucose in organic matter
Define Biodiesel
fuel produced by the esterification of fats and oils in organic matter
Define Carbon Neutral
fuel which does not result in a net production of carbon dioxide from
sourcing or consumption
Define Fermentation
breakdown of a substance in the presence of microorganisms such as yeast
Define Renewable Resource
resource capable of being replenished by natural processes as quickly or faster than it is being consumed
Define Transesterification
reaction that produces biodiesel
Define Triglyceride
fat or oil composed of three fatty acid tails and a glycerol backbone
Describe Yeast
variety of microorganism which converts glucose into ethanol
Define Viscosity
resistance of a substance to flow
Define Hygroscopicity
ability to absorb water
Chemical energy
energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds
Exothermic
chemical reaction accompanied by the release of energy (in the form of heat)
Endothermic
chemical reaction which absorbs energy (in the form of heat) from the surrounding environment
Enthalpy
measurement of the internal energy of a system
Complete combustion
reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
Incomplete combustion
partial burning of a substance to produce carbon monoxide (or solid carbon) and water
Energy profile diagram
representation of the energy transformation of a chemical reaction
Activation energy
minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed
Heat of combustion
amount of heat released by the complete combustion of a substance
Specific heat capacity (c)
heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a given substance by 1°C
Thermochemical equation
balanced stoichiometric equation that includes the enthalpy change, ΔH, of the reaction
Gas
state of matter with no fixed shape or volume and which fills the available space
Ideal gas
substance assumed to be composed of molecules of negligible volume with no intermolecular interactions
Pressure
force a gas exerts on the walls of its container
Standard Laboratory Conditions (SLC)
set of conditions used as a standard for experiments (25°C and 100 kPa)
