Edmund Burke (1729-1797)

Question 1

Burke - Human Nature

Answer 1

Edmund Burke viewed human nature as inherently flawed and fallible. He believed that individuals are driven by passions, prejudices, and self-interest, making them prone to error and irrational behaviour. To mitigate these flaws, Burke emphasised the importance of tradition and inherited wisdom, arguing that the accumulated experience of past generations provides a more reliable guide for conduct than abstract reasoning. He also believed in a natural moral order that individuals must respect and adhere to, which is best understood through long-standing traditions and social institutions.

Question 2

Burke - Society

Answer 2

Burke saw society as a complex and organic entity that evolves over time. He believed that members of society are interdependent, with social cohesion maintained through shared values, traditions, and institutions. Respect for tradition was paramount for Burke, as he thought these traditions embody the wisdom of the past and provide stability and continuity. He advocated for gradual, evolutionary change rather than radical reforms, warning that abrupt changes could lead to social instability and chaos.

Question 3

Burke - The State

Answer 3

Burke viewed the state as essential for maintaining order and upholding traditions. He believed the state should preserve the accumulated wisdom of previous generations and maintain social order without being overly interventionist. He was sceptical of the state’s ability to improve society through extensive reforms. Burke also believed in a hierarchical society where authority and leadership are necessary for stability, with leaders guided by a sense of duty and responsibility to uphold societal values.

Question 4

Burke - The Economy

Answer 4

Burke supported free-market capitalism, believing that economic affairs are best regulated by the forces of supply and demand rather than government intervention. He emphasised the importance of property rights as a foundation for social stability and personal liberty, viewing private property as crucial to a free and orderly society. Burke advocated for prudence and caution in economic policy, warning against radical changes that could disrupt economic stability.