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Modern Hiatory Alevel > Edexcel OCR History a Level paper 1 Lenin - Yeltsin 1917-91 > Flashcards

Edexcel OCR History a Level paper 1 Lenin - Yeltsin 1917-91 Flashcards

1
Q

What year did the Bolshevik Revolution occur?

A

1917

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2
Q

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks during the October Revolution?

A

Vladimir Lenin

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3
Q

What was the primary goal of the Bolshevik Revolution?

A

To overthrow the Provisional Government and establish a socialist state.

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4
Q

True or False: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed in 1918.

A

False

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The Russian Civil War lasted from _____ to _____.

A

1917; 1922

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6
Q

What were the two main factions in the Russian Civil War?

A

The Red Army (Bolsheviks) and the White Army (anti-Bolsheviks)

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7
Q

What was War Communism?

A

A policy implemented by the Bolsheviks during the Civil War that involved nationalizing industry and requisitioning agricultural produce.

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8
Q

What economic policy did Lenin introduce in 1921 to revive the economy?

A

New Economic Policy (NEP)

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9
Q

Who succeeded Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union?

A

Joseph Stalin

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10
Q

What was the purpose of the Five-Year Plans introduced by Stalin?

A

To rapidly industrialize the Soviet economy.

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11
Q

True or False: The Great Purge occurred in the 1930s.

A

True

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12
Q

What was the main consequence of the Great Purge?

A

The execution and imprisonment of millions, including many Communist Party members.

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13
Q

What major event marked the beginning of World War II for the Soviet Union?

A

The invasion by Nazi Germany in 1941.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The Soviet Union was officially established in _____ with the creation of the USSR.

A

1922

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15
Q

What was the main goal of the Marshall Plan?

A

To aid the economic recovery of European countries after World War II.

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16
Q

What was the Cold War primarily about?

A

The ideological conflict between the capitalist West and the communist East.

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17
Q

Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

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18
Q

What was the significance of the Prague Spring in 1968?

A

It was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia that was ultimately suppressed by Soviet intervention.

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19
Q

True or False: Mikhail Gorbachev introduced policies of Glasnost and Perestroika.

A

True

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20
Q

What does Glasnost mean?

A

Openness; it refers to increased transparency and freedom of information in the Soviet Union.

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21
Q

What does Perestroika mean?

A

Restructuring; it refers to the reform of the political and economic system in the Soviet Union.

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22
Q

What year did the Soviet Union officially dissolve?

A

1991

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23
Q

Who was the first President of Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

A

Boris Yeltsin

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24
Q

What significant event took place in Russia in August 1991?

A

A failed coup attempt against Gorbachev.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The October Revolution is also known as the _____ Revolution.

A

Bolshevik

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26
Q

What was the main aim of the Soviet foreign policy during the Cold War?

A

To spread communism and counter Western influence.

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27
Q

True or False: The Soviet Union was a member of NATO.

A

False

28
Q

What was the main economic challenge faced by Yeltsin during his presidency?

A

Hyperinflation and economic instability.

29
Q

What was the significance of the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis?

A

It resulted in a power struggle between Yeltsin and the parliament, leading to military intervention.

30
Q

What event is often considered the end of the Cold War?

A

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

31
Q

Fill in the blank: The Soviet Union’s policy of _____ aimed to reduce nuclear arms and improve relations with the West.

A

Détente

32
Q

Who were the main opponents of the Bolsheviks during the Civil War?

A

The White Army, comprising various anti-Bolshevik groups.

33
Q

What was the purpose of the Comintern?

A

To promote worldwide communism and support communist parties abroad.

34
Q

What was the impact of Stalin’s collectivization policy?

A

It aimed to consolidate individual landholdings into collective farms, leading to widespread famine and resistance.

35
Q

True or False: The Soviet Union was a major ally of the United States during World War II.

A

True

36
Q

What was the main effect of the Helsinki Accords of 1975?

A

They improved East-West relations and recognized existing European borders.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The Soviet invasion of _____ in 1979 marked the beginning of a long conflict in Afghanistan.

A

Afghanistan

38
Q

What was the significance of the 1917 February Revolution?

A

It led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a Provisional Government.

39
Q

What economic system did the Soviet Union adopt after the revolution?

A

Centralized planned economy.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ were a series of trials held in the 1930s to eliminate opposition to Stalin.

A

Show Trials

41
Q

What was the role of the KGB in the Soviet Union?

A

It was the main security agency responsible for state security and intelligence.

42
Q

What event in 1956 led to significant reforms in Hungary?

A

The Hungarian Revolution.

43
Q

True or False: The Soviet Union was the first country to put a man into space.

A

True

44
Q

Who was the first human in space?

A

Yuri Gagarin

45
Q

What was the impact of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster?

A

It raised awareness of nuclear safety and led to changes in Soviet policies.

46
Q

What was the significance of the 1991 Russian referendum?

A

It showed overwhelming support for the sovereignty of the Russian Republic.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The Soviet Union’s collapse was partly due to _____ economic reforms.

A

Failed

48
Q

What was the role of the Soviet Union in the Vietnam War?

A

It provided support to North Vietnam against the U.S. and South Vietnam.

49
Q

True or False: The Soviet system was characterized by democratic elections.

A

False

50
Q

What was the significance of the Berlin Blockade?

A

It was one of the first major crises of the Cold War that tested the resolve of the Western Allies.

51
Q

What is meant by ‘Socialism in One Country’?

A

Stalin’s policy that prioritized the development of socialism within the Soviet Union rather than promoting global revolution.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: The Soviet Union’s involvement in _____ led to a prolonged military conflict and international condemnation.

A

Afghanistan

53
Q

What was the significance of the 1991 August Coup?

A

It was an attempt to overthrow Gorbachev that ultimately led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

54
Q

Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during the 1980s?

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

55
Q

What was the primary focus of Gorbachev’s policies?

A

Reform of the Soviet political and economic system.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: The Soviet Union was characterized by a _____ economy.

A

Command

57
Q

What was the purpose of the Soviet space program?

A

To demonstrate technological superiority and compete with the United States.

58
Q

True or False: The Soviet Union was involved in the Korean War.

A

True

59
Q

What was the significance of the 1972 SALT I Treaty?

A

It was the first agreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to limit nuclear arms.

60
Q

What was the primary outcome of the 1989 revolutions in Eastern Europe?

A

The collapse of communist regimes across the region.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The Soviet Union’s foreign policy was often described as _____ diplomacy.

A

Coercive

62
Q

What was the impact of the 1990 unification of Germany on the Soviet Union?

A

It symbolized the end of the Cold War and increased pressure on the Soviet regime.

63
Q

Who were the main figures in the opposition to Yeltsin during his presidency?

A

Communists and nationalist factions.

64
Q

What was the significance of the 1998 Russian financial crisis?

A

It highlighted the economic instability and led to a loss of confidence in Yeltsin’s government.

65
Q

What was the primary cause of the 1991 Soviet coup attempt?

A

Opposition to Gorbachev’s reforms and increasing nationalism in the republics.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: The Soviet Union was officially dissolved on December 26, _____ .

A

1991

Modern Hiatory Alevel (7 decks)

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