Edexcel GCSE Psychology Flashcards
Operant Conditioning
Learning from the consequences of actions
Positive reinforcement
receiving something pleasant for a behaviour, so we repeat it.
Negative reinforcement
the avoidance of something unpleasant, so we do it again
Positive punishment
receiving something unpleasant for a behaviour, so we do not do it again
Negative punishment
removing something pleasant so we do not repeat the behaviour again
Primary reinforcer
a reinforcer that satisfies a biological need.
Secondary reinforcer
a reinforcer of no survival value, but we have learned to associate it with a primary reinforcer
Social learning theory
behaviour is learned through the observation and imitation of role models.
Modelling
learning a new behaviour through paying attention to, retaining and reproducing the behaviour of a role model
Observational learning
learning new behaviours through watching and modelling a role model.
Role model
a person who we admire or with whom we share similar characteristics.
Vicarious reinforcement
motivation to model the behaviours of others who we see being rewarded for their behaviour.
Identification
temporarily adopting the behaviour of a role model or group.
