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Cardiology > Edema > Flashcards

Edema Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a major pathologic or structural change of the lungs associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema ?

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2
Q

Pulmonary edema

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3
Q

Direction of fluid movement in the lungs when pulmonary edema occurs

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4
Q

What happens to the interstitial spaces and alveolar walls during pulmonary edema?

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5
Q

What happens to the surface tension in the alveoli?

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6
Q

Summarize the major pathologic and structural changes associated with pulmonary edema.

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7
Q

Pulmonary edema hydrostatic pressure
ordinarily, hydrostatic pressure is about _________________ and tends to move fluid out of the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitial space. This force is normally offset by colloid osmotic forces.

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8
Q

to pulmonary edema-colloid osmotic pressure

The other name for colloid osmotic pressure is ?

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9
Q

Which of the following is the most unlikely cause of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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10
Q

What is the normal range of hydrostatic pressure that moves fluid out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the interstitial space?

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11
Q

What is the normal range of colloid osmotic pressure (that opposes hydrostatic pressure )which tends to keep fluid in the pulmonary capillaries?

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12
Q

What is the other name for colloid osmotic pressure?

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13
Q
  1. When a imbalance occurs between hydrostatic pressure and oncotic, pressure pulmonary edema will result.
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14
Q

describe the imbalance between these forces that results in pulmonary edema.For example, what is the most likely imbalance? Is it a decrease in oncotic pressure?

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15
Q

major causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

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16
Q

. pulmonary edema-breathing patterns (1.0 point)

Which of the following abnormal ventilatory patterns and findings are associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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17
Q
  1. List the path of physiologic mechanisms which cause an increased respiratory rate for patients with pulmonary edema.
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18
Q

definition of Cheyne-Stokes ventilation and be able to recognize the pattern. Make the connection between Cheyne-Stokes respiration and left-sided heart failure which is a common cause of pulmonary edema

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19
Q

pulmonary edema lung volumes and capacities (1.0 point)
Which of the following statements are correct regarding lung volume and capacity changes resulting from cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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20
Q
  1. As pulmonary edema progresses what happens to the TLC, in VC, and FRC?
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21
Q
  1. As pulmonary edema progresses what happens to the tidal volume Vt?
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22
Q

As pulmonary edema progresses what happens to the diffusion capacity?

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23
Q
  1. Is cardiogenic pulmonary edema classified as they obstructive or a restricted disease?
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24
Q

pulmonary edema and ABGs (1.0 point)

Which of the following ABGs indicate that the patient has a more severe case of pulmonary edema?

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25
Q

Describe the blood gases of a patient with mild to moderate pulmonary edema

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26
Q

Describe the blood gases of a patient in severe pulmonary edema.

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27
Q

What is the normal shunt fraction Qs/Qt ?

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28
Q

How is the shunt fraction changed by pulmonary edema?

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29
Q

What is the formula for Total Oxygen Delivery (Do2 )?

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30
Q

How is total oxygen delivery (Do2 ) affected by pulmonary edema? What part of the equation is changed by pulmonary edema?

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31
Q

Why do patients with untreated cardiogenic pulmonary edema frequently present with cyanosis?

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32
Q

Define Cardiac Output (CO).

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33
Q

What is the formula for cardiac output?

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34
Q

Why do patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema frequently suffer from a decrease in cardiac output and how does that affect oxygen delivery Do2 ?

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35
Q

What is the normal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)?

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36
Q

What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?

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37
Q
  1. What is the normal pulmonary artery pressure (PA).
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38
Q
  1. Why do patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema frequently suffer from a elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PA), also known as pulmonary hypertension?
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39
Q
  1. Define pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and describe how it is measured.
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40
Q
  1. What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?
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41
Q
  1. How is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) changed by cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
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42
Q
  1. How can pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) used to monitor the progression of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
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43
Q

Patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema typically present with _______sputum.

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44
Q
  1. Describe the cough and sputum of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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45
Q
  1. Describe the chest assessment findings of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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46
Q
  1. Are pleural effusions common and for patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
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47
Q
  1. Why did patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema experience the symptoms of “ paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea”?
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48
Q

Which of the findings is NOT commonly found in a chest x-ray of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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49
Q
  1. List the four common radiographic findings associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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50
Q
  1. Describe the typical alveolar filling pattern seen on chest x-ray associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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51
Q
  1. Is a typical for the peripheral portion of the chest x-ray to remain clear from alveolar infiltration, of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
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52
Q

It is common for chest x-rays of patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema to exhibit a line known as Kerley A lines. Where do Kerley A lines originate? Describe them. What causes them?

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53
Q
  1. It is common for chest x-rays of patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema to exhibit a line known as Kerley B lines. Where do Kerley B lines originate? What is another name for Kerley B . lines Describe them. What causes them
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54
Q

hypokalemia

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55
Q

hyponatremia

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56
Q
  1. Why do patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema frequently present with the electrolyte imbalances of hypokalemia and hyponatremia?
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57
Q
  1. What do positive inotropic (ino-o-trop-ic) agents do for a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema? How will they benefit the patient?
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58
Q
  1. Name to common inotropic drugs used to treat cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
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59
Q
  1. Systemic hypertension increases cardiac workload and makes cardiogenic pulmonary edema worse. Name the group of drugs that can be used to treat systemic hypertension associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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60
Q

How does morphine sulfate help treat cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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61
Q

Name the group of drugs that are used to promote fluid excretion.

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62
Q

function of albumin in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

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63
Q

What is the effect of mask CPAP therapy on the PaO2 and SaO2 of a Patient in Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema?

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64
Q

How does mask CPAP improve lung function? There are four listed.

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65
Q

What the lung capacity will mask CPAP increase?

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66
Q

What is refractory hypoxemia

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67
Q

Can oxygen therapy typically be used without mask CPAP to treat the hypoxemia resulting from cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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68
Q

What patient position can be used to reduce patient dyspnea?

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Cardiology (6 decks)

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