EDA MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

Means possibility. A branch of mathematics that deals with the occurrence of a random event. The value is expressed from zero to one.

A

Probability

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2
Q

4 Key Probability Terms

A

Experiment, Outcome, Sample Space, Event

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3
Q

2 types of Event

A

Simple Event and Compound Event

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4
Q

process where specific results are obtained

A

Experiment

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5
Q

single result of a probability experiment

A

Outcome

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6
Q

set of all possible outcomes for a probability experiment

A

Sample Space

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7
Q

set of outcomes of a probability experiment; a subset of the sample space

A

Event

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8
Q

Rolling a pair of dice has a sample space of 36 outcomes [(1,1), (1,2),
(1,3), (1,4) …etc. or just simply 6 x 6). TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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9
Q

one outcome (rolling 4 in one die)

A

simple event

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10
Q

two or more outcomes (rolling an even number on a die then getting a head in a toin coss)

A

Compound Event

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11
Q

3 MainTypes of Probability

A

Classical, Empirical, Subjective

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12
Q

each outcome in a sample space is equally likely to occur

A

Classical Probability

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13
Q

each outcome in a sample space is NOT equally likely to occur

A

Empirical Probability

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14
Q

an e d u c a t e d guess or estimate

A

Subjective Probability

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15
Q

Key rules in Probability T or F:
The probability of a n event is always between 0 and 1. No negative probabilities or
greater than 1.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Key rules in Probability T or F: The sum of all outcomes in a sample space is always equal to 1.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Key rules in Probability T or F: It is impossible for an event to occur, the probability of that event is 0.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Key rules in Probability T or F: If the event is certain to occur, the probability is 1.

19
Q

Types of Probability Distribution

A

Discrete Probability Distribution and Continuous Probability Distribution

20
Q

Types of Discrete Probability Distribution

A

Binomial, Poisson,Hypergeometric

21
Q

Types of Continuous Probability Distribution

A

Normal and Exponential

22
Q

is the number of successes that result from a hypergeometric
experiment.

A

hypergeometric random variable

23
Q

The probability distribution of a hypergeometric random variable is called
a

A

Hypergeometric Distribution

24
Q

is a process that uses sample statistics to test a claim about the value of a population parameter

A

Hypothesis Test

25
A verbal statement, or claim, about a population parameter is called a
Statistical Hypothesis
26
is a statistical hypothesis that contains a statement of equality such as ≤ ,=, or ≥ .
Null Hypothesis (Ho)
27
is the complement of the null hypothesis. It is a statement that must be true if H0 is false and contains a statement of inequality such as >,≠ ,or <.
Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)
28
divides the nonrejection region from the rejection region.
Critical Value
29
occurs if the null hypothesis isrejected when it istrue and should not be rejected. The probability of a type Ierror occurring is α.
TYPE I ERROR
30
occurs if the null hypothesis isnot rejected when it isfalse and should be rejected. The probability of a type IIerror occurring is β .
TYPE II ERROR
31
No matter which hypothesis represents the claim,always begin the hypothesis test assuming that the null hypothesis is true. At the end of the test, one of two decisions will be made:
1. Reject the null hypothesis 2. Do not reject the null hypothesis
32
can be used when the population is normal and variance is known , or for any population when the sample size n is at least 30.
Z-TEST
33
will be used when the population is normal and variance is unknown , or for any population when the sample size n is less than 30.
T-TEST
34
for proportion is a statistical test for a population proportion.
The z-test
35
means never having to say you are certain.
Statistics
36
Types of Estimates
Point and Interval Estimate
37
is a single value (statistics) used to estimate a population value (parameter).
Point Estimate
38
States the range within which a population parameter probably lies
Interval Estimate
39
symbolized by (1 – α) x 100%, where α is the proportion in the tails of the distribution that is outside the confidence interval
Confidence Level
40
symbolized by α = 1 – (confidence level), it is the proportion in the tails of the distribution that is outside the confidence interval
Level of Significance (a)
41
value of Z needed for constructing a confidence interval
Critical Value
42
is a range of possible values for an unknown parameter and is associated with confidence level (Point Estimate + Margin of Error)
Confidence Interval
43
is the mathematical estimation of the number of subjects/units to be included in a study
Sample Size Determination