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Engineering Data Analysis\ > EDA > Flashcards

EDA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary goal of statistics?

A

To collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data

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2
Q

The origin of the term “Statistics”

A

Latin

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3
Q

What does “Statistics” mean?

A

State

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4
Q

During which century did the term “Statistics” become popular?

A

18th century

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5
Q

What does engineer primarily do?

A

Improve products and systems

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6
Q

What guides the work of an engineer?

A

Sound engineering judgement

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7
Q

When faced with questions beyond theory and experience, what must an engineer do?

A

Independently gather and interpret data

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8
Q

Why is it important for engineers to have training in data collection and analysis?

A

To avoid wasting time and resources

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9
Q

What is the goal of engineering statistics?

A

To provide concepts and methods for gathering and interpreting data

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10
Q

What are the types of statistical studies mentioned?

A

Experimental and Observational

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11
Q

What is the primary difference between observational and experimental studies?

A

Experimental studies provide stronger causality inferences

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12
Q

Why are experiments often more efficient for collecting engineering data?

A

They manipulate process variables

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13
Q

What are lurking variables?

A

Variables that govern both process performance and observed circumstances

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14
Q

What strengthens the inference of causality in experiments?

A

Manipulation of variables by the investigator

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14
Q

Which type of engineering studies is most common?

A

Analytical

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15
Q

What is an example of an enumerative study?

A

Acceptance Sampling

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16
Q

What is the purpose of Acceptance Sampling?

A

To determine the acceptability of incoming lots

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17
Q

Which end of the continuum provides the most efficient and reliable ways to collect engineering data?

A

Experimental end

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18
Q

Why is it easier to infer causality from experiments?

A

Because experiments manipulate variables purposefully

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18
Q

What is the primary goal of observational studies?

A

To passively observe system behavior

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19
Q

What is the primary challenge with observational studies?

A

They lack efficiency in data collection

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20
Q

What is the main focus of analytical engineering studies?

A

Understanding and manipulating engineering systems

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21
Q

What is the significance of understanding basic statistical terminology for engineers?

A

To effectively communicate and analyze data

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22
Q

Why do engineers need statistical tools?

A

To efficiently acquire and process empirical information

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23
Q

What is the role of sound engineering judgement in statistical analysis?

A

It guides the interpretation of data

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24
Q

What term refers to data documented by the primary source

A

Primary Data

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25
Q

What type of question does not include response categories?

A

Open-Ended

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26
Q

What method of data collection involves direct human intervention?

A

Experiment

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27
Q

What are the individuals who answer questions in a survey called?

A

Respondents

28
Q

When data is collected from a sample of people from a population, what is it called?

A

Survey

29
Q

What aspect of surveys can affect data reliability?

A

Survey Process

30
Q

What type of questionnaire involves face-to-face interaction with the interviewer

A

Interview-based

30
Q

What method of data collection involves recording observations as they happen?

A

Observation Method

31
Q

What type of question includes a list of response categories?

A

Closed-ended

31
Q

What term refers to the truthfulness or accuracy of data?

A

Reliability or Veracity

32
Q

What type of question provides only two alternative answers?

A

Two-way Question

33
Q

Which type of question allows respondents to choose as many response as apply to them?

A

Checklist Question

34
Q

In which type of question do respondents rank categories from highest to lowest?

A

Ranking Question

35
Q

Which type of questions presents a graded scale to measure the intensity of attitude?

A

Rating Scale Question

36
Q

What type of question squeezes multiple questions into a table format?

A

Matrix Question

37
Q

Which method of data collection involves selecting subjects who are conveniently obtained?

A

Convenience Sampling

38
Q

In which method of data collection are subjects asked to volunteer to provide data?

A

Gathering volunteers

39
Q

What type of sample is taken from a population where each subject has an equal chance of being selected?

A

Simple Random Sample

40
Q

If a researcher divides a population into group based on characteristics like sex or region, then performs a random sample from each group, what method is being used?

A

Stratified Random Sampling

41
Q

Which type of variable can be numeric and ordered or ranked?

A

Ordinal Variables

42
Q

What type of quantitative variable can assume any numerical value between two specific values?

A

Continuous Variable

43
Q

A quantitative variable that can only take on specific, countable values is called

A

Discrete Variable

44
Q

What is the organization of raw data in table form using classes and frequencies called?

A

Frequency Distribution

45
Q

Which type of frequency distribution is used for data that can be placed in specific categories?

A

Categorical Frequency Distribution

46
Q

If a frequency distribution is needed for a quantitative variable with a large range of values, what type of distribution is used?

A

Group Frequency Distribution

47
Q

What type of graph displays data using contiguous vertical bars to represent frequencies?

A

Histogram

48
Q

In a frequency polygon, what are the points plotted for the frequencies?

A

Midpoints of the classes

49
Q

Which graph represents cumulative frequencies for classes in a frequency distribution?

A

Ogive

50
Q

Which graph is used to represent data with vertical or horizontal bars for qualitative data?

A

Bar graph

51
Q

Data in their original form

A

Raw Data

52
Q

The number of data values contained in a specific class

A

Class

53
Q

The group of all subjects under study is called

A

Population

53
Q

What graph should be used to show the relationship between the parts and the whole

A

Pie Graph

54
Q

Data such as blood types (A,B,AB,O) can be organized into a (blank) frequency distribution

A

Categorical

54
Q

Summary measure describing a specific characteristic of a population

A

Parameter

55
Q

Data collected over a period of time can be graphed using a (blank) graph

A

Time Series

55
Q

The number of ads on a one-hour television show is what type of data?

A

Quantitative

55
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

Probability is used as a basis for inferential statistic

A

True

55
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

In the construction of a frequency distrubition, it is a good idea to have overlapping class limits, such as 10-20, 20-30, 30-40

A

False

56
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

The heights of the mountains in the state of Alaska are an example of a variable

A

True

57
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

When the population of college professors is divided into groups of according to their rank (instructor, assistant professor, etc.) and then several are selected from each group to make up a sample, the sample is called cluster sample

A

True

57
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

The variable temperature is an example of quantitative variable

A

True

57
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

Histograms can be drawn by using vertical or horizontal bars

A

False

57
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

The height of basketball players is considered a continuous variable

A

True

58
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

Frequency distributions can aid the researcher in drawing charts and graphs

A

True

59
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

In construction of a frequency polygon, the class limits are used for the x axis

A

False

60
Q

IDENTIFY WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

Data collected over a period of time can be graphed by using a pie graph

A

False

Engineering Data Analysis\ (1 decks)

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