Ed Psych Exam 1

Question 1

What is Learning?

Answer 1

A process that occurs when experience causes a relatively permanent change (deliberate or unintentional in an individuals’s knowledge or behavior

Question 2

What Attracts Attention?

Answer 2

Size, Intensity, movement, novelty, incongruity, emotion, personal significance

Question 3

Perception

Answer 3

Giving meaning to what we have paid attention to. It is affected by out past experiences and expectations

Question 4

What are the sensory registers?

Answer 4

See, hear, taste, smell, touch

Question 5

How big are the sensory registers and how long will it last?

Answer 5

Seemingly infinite, 1-4 seconds

Question 6

What is Working Memory

Answer 6

Conscious thought, processing space

Question 7

How much room is in working memory and how long does it last?

Answer 7

The working memory can fit about 7 pieces of information. It lasts about 20 seconds

Question 8

How can we make information in working memory stay longer?

Answer 8

Maintenance Rehearsal. Example: memorizing numbers through chunking or other methods

Question 9

Can we truly multi-task?

Answer 9

no. we are just switching back and forth between things and it makes things more dangerous

Question 10

What is Automaticity in the working memory?

Answer 10

Practicing until it takes up less processing space

Question 11

What does the Cognitive Load do?

Answer 11

Describes types of information in the working memory

Question 12

What is the goal of the cognitive load?

Answer 12

Reduce extraneous and intrinsic load to maximize room for germane load

Question 13

Extraneous Load

Answer 13

generate by manner in which information is presented to learners, design of instructional materials. Ex: show triangle to students, don’t just recite definition

Question 14

Intrinsic Load

Answer 14

inherent difficulty associated with instructional materials and required prior knowledge ex: 2nd grade math vs. calculus. Can very over time as hard things become easier with learning

Question 15

Germane Load

Answer 15

Load devoted to processing, construction, and automaticity. Need to redirect learners’ attention to cognitive processes that are directly relevant to solving the problem

Question 16

What is the capacity of long term memory and how long does it last?

Answer 16

Unlimited capacity. Permanent?

Question 17

What are the three ways of forgetting

Answer 17

Decay, interference, and failure to retrieve

Question 18

What is encoding? What are the three types of encoding?

Answer 18

Storing information in Long Term Memory. Explicit/Declarative, Procedural, and Metacognitive knowledge

Question 18

Explicit/Declarative Knowledge

Answer 18

Memories that can be consciously recalled such as facts, knowledge, experiences. Semantic: Facts, rules, strategies
Episodic: events or personal experiences

Question 19

Procedural Knowledge

Answer 19

Knowledge governing how to do things. Ex: Tie shoes, brush teeth, drive car

Question 20

Metacognitive Knowledge

Answer 20

Knowledge of our cognitive processing capabilities. Awareness of those processes in action.

Question 21

What is a Schema? What is it’s purpose?

Answer 21

Set of information (can contain both semantic and episodic) that includes concepts, relationships, and procedures. It acts as a guide for what to expect, making decisions, and problem solving

Question 22

Self-constructed Theories
(uses Explicit Knowledge)

Answer 22

General Understanding and belief systems that help us make sense of the world. Combine many schemata, used to make predictions and solve problems

Question 23

Implicit/Procedural Knowledge

Answer 23

knowledge that we may not be aware we have. usually a series of steps, we may find it difficult to explain. Ex: riding a bike

Question 24

How can we Enhance Encoding

Answer 24

Making it meaningful, hooking to prior knowledge.
Organization: making connections among pieces of new info ex: maps, frames, tables
Visual Imagery: paired associations or peg-words
Elaboration: adding additional ideas to new info, based on what one already knows

Question 25

What Factors affect Retrieval?

Answer 25

Multiple Connections (meaning), Learning Beyond Mastery, Frequent use of knowledge, Retrieval Cues, Automaticity, and Reconstruction

Question 26

Different Types of Forgetting

Answer 26

Failure to Retrieve, Reconstruction error, Interference, Failure to store, Confirmation Bias