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ER Clin Assess > ED Diagnostics > Flashcards

ED Diagnostics Flashcards

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1
Q

Calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, glucose, potassium, sodium, BUN, creatinine

A

Chem 7 or 8, electrolyte panel, BMP (call it whatever you want)

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2
Q

What is in a Chem 8 that isn’t in a chem 7?

A

CALCIUM!

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3
Q

Use this when you suspect an issue with the kidneys, electrolyte imbalance, acid/base imbalance, blood glucose issues, calcium level imbalance

A

BMP

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4
Q

Significant changes in these test results can indicate acute problems such as kidney failure, insulin shock or diabetic coma, respiratory distress, or heart rhythm changes

A

BMP

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5
Q

Approximately 90% of cases of _______ are caused by malignancy or hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypercalcemia

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6
Q

If you see HIGH CO2, think….

A

Acidosis or possible ketoacidosis

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7
Q

Low K+ and high glucose?

A

Ketoacidosis

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8
Q

If you see low glucose, think ?

A

Diabetic insulin overdose or sepsis

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9
Q

If you see an elevated BUN and creatinine, think ?

A

Renal failure

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10
Q

If you see an elevated BUN and normal creatinine, think ?

A

Diureased

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11
Q

Everything in BMP PLUS albumin, alk phase, AST, ALT, Tbili, and total protein

A

Comprehensive metabolic panel

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12
Q

AST, ALT, alk phos, and total bilirubin make up which test?

A

Liver function test (LFTs)

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13
Q

Albumin and total protein assess ?

A

Nutritional status

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14
Q

If you see low albumin, think ?

A

Malnutrition

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15
Q

If you see increased alk phos, think ?

A

Gallstones

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16
Q

If you see increased AST, ALT, think ?

A

Hepatits

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17
Q

If you see increased total bilirubin, think ?

A

Cirrhosis, hepatitis

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18
Q

RBC count, WBC count, Hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet count

A

CBC with diff

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19
Q

If you see low RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit, think ?

A

Blood loss

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20
Q

If you see high RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit, think ?

A

Hemoconcentration due to dehydration

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21
Q

If you see low platelets, think ?

A

Acute infection, bleeding, DIC, HELLP syndrome

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22
Q

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count

A

HELLP syndrome

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23
Q

What does the differential WBC break down the white blood cell count into?

A

Neutrophils (40-80%), lymphocytes (20-40%), monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

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24
Q

High neutrophils think ?

A

Acute bacterial infection

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25
Q

Low neutrophils think ?

A

Severe widespread bacterial or viral infection

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26
Q

What is LEFT SHIFT?

A

Low neutrophils

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27
Q

High lymphocytes think?

A

A viral infection like mono, mumps, or measles

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28
Q

High eosinophils think ?

A

Acute allergic rxn

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29
Q

If you see VERY high eosinophils, think ?

A

Parasitic infection

30
Q

If you see a urine glucose over 130 with ketones, what should you think?

A

Diabetes or DKA

31
Q

If you see positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase on a UA, what should you think?

A

UTI

32
Q

If you see UTI symptoms with negative nitrites or leukocyte esterase on UA, what should you think?

A

Interstitial cystitis

33
Q

Measures HCG in blood, allows for dating of pg and evaluation of threatened pg, ectopic pg, or miscarriage

A

Serum quantitative beta HCG

34
Q

Test for syphylis

A

RPR for syphilis antibodies

35
Q

Test for gonorrhea

A

Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) urine test

36
Q

When do you need to SWAB a patient who you think has gonorrhea?

A

If it could be vaginal, cervical, anal, or pharyngeal

37
Q

Test for chlamydia

A

NAA urine test

38
Q

Test for HSV

A

Blood sample

39
Q

Test for HIV

A

RNA based HIV early detection blood sample test

40
Q

How soon can the HIV test detect a new HIV infection post exposure?

A

9-11 days

41
Q

Used to detect bacterial infection that has spread to the blood

A

Blood culture

42
Q

Marker for cellular hypoxia

A

Lactate

43
Q

When would you perform a peripheral venous lactate level test?

A

If you suspect sepsis or septic shock

44
Q

pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3, base excess

A

Arterial blood gas

45
Q

ABG will show metabolic acidosis

A

DKA

46
Q

ABG will show metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomiting

47
Q

ABG will show hypoventilation due to pulmonary edema, Pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory depression from drugs

A

Respiratory acidosis

48
Q

ABG will show hyperventilation due to PE, anxiety, pain, febrile illness

A

Respiratory alkalosis

49
Q

Serum ketones and urine ketones present

A

DKA

50
Q

Used to evaluate a patient for the presence of thrombosis, PE, and clot

A

D-Dimer

51
Q

Measures fibrin componenet

A

D-Dimer

52
Q

Are all D-Dimers indicative of PE?

A

NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NEVER NO BAD NO NO NO NEVER STOP NO BAD EVERYONE HATES YOU FOR ORDERING A D-DIMER

53
Q

Secreted in response to volume overload/mycoardial stretch

A

BNP

54
Q

Used clinically in the detection and management of congestive heart failure

A

BNP

55
Q

Can you predict mortality with BNP?

A

Yes - Increase or persistent elevation in BNP levels despite treatment suggests progression of disease or resistance to treatment

56
Q

Proteins essential to cardiac muscle contraction, which are complexed with actin and myosin filaments within cardiac myofibrils and are present within cardiac myocyte cytoplasm

A

Cardiac troponins

57
Q

What is the Biomarker of choice for detection of myocardial injury?

A

Troponin

58
Q

PT/INR measures what pathway of coagulation?

A

EXTRINSIC

59
Q

Used to measure the effect of coumadin/warfarin

A

PT/INR

60
Q

PTT test measures which pathway of coagulation?

A

INTRINSIC

61
Q

The effect of heparin is measured using the ___ test

A

PTT

62
Q

One more time… PTT = ?

A

Heparin

63
Q

PT/INR = ?

A

Coumadin

64
Q

Monospot test will detect mono between ___ and ___ weeks after the onset of the illness

A

2 and 6

65
Q

Rapid strep tests for which group of strep?

A

Group A

66
Q

Flu swab should be performed less than __ days after illness onset

A

4

67
Q

Flu swab checks for what groups of flu?

A

A and B

68
Q

Lipase and amylase reflect??

A

Pancreatic stress

69
Q

Which test is more specific to the pancreas - lipase or amylase?

A

LIPASE

70
Q

Best test for suspected kidney stone?

A

KUB

ER Clin Assess (3 decks)

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