Ed 216 ch4

Question 1

age related change that results from an interaction between biological and maturation in physical and/or social experience; development occurs as children grow, adapt, and change in response to various experience

Answer 1

development

Question 2

a change in knowledge or skill that results from experience or instruction

Answer 2

LEARNING

Question 3

an explanation of how information and observations are organized and relate to one another

Answer 3

THEORY

Question 4

Ecological Systems Theory of Development that describes the diverse, interactive contexts that influence children’s development over time. Microsystems and Macrosystems.

Answer 4

Urie Brofenbrenner

Question 5

Areas of human development and functioning that include cognitive, social, emotional, and physical.

Answer 5

DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT

Question 6

Biological growth and acquisition of fine motor and gross motor skills.

Answer 6

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 7

Thinking, intelligence, and language abilities.

Answer 7

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Question 8

The ability to establish positive relationships with adults and peers, make friends, cooperate, and resolve conflicts.

Answer 8

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 9

An assumption about or a tentative explanation for a phenomenon

Answer 9

HYPOTHESIS

Question 10

times in life when the brain is most open to certain types of experiences

Answer 10

WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY

Question 11

The ability to regulate and appropriately express feelings.

Answer 11

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 12

Psychosocial Theory of Human Development- 8 Stages of personal and social development which each stage of life confronts a major challenge or crisis.

Answer 12

Erik Erikson

Question 13

Sociocultural Theory that children learn from social interactions within a cultural context

Answer 13

Lev Vygotsky

Question 14

Self actualization theory behavior and learning are motivated by a hierarchy of needs

Answer 14

Abraham Maslow

Question 15

Theory of development (Arnold Gesell) that assumes that the sequence of changes in abilities and behavior is largely predetermined by children’s biological growth processes rather than by their experiences or learning.

Answer 15

MATURATIONIST

Question 16

Abraham Maslow’s theory that behavior and learning are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, first being physical needs such as air, water, food, shelter.

Answer 16

SELF-ACTUALIZATION THEORY

Question 17

The biggest threat to children’s developing brains, which occurs when children experience intense, frequent, and/or prolonged anxiety such as abuse, neglect, violence, or economic deprivation without adult support to help them cope

Answer 17

TOXIC STRESS

Question 18

Cognitive Development theory - 4 stages birth to adulthood - sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages

Answer 18

Jean Piget

Question 19

Behavioral learning theory - change in behavior that is controlled by the consequences, either positive or negative, that follow the behavior

Answer 19

BF Skinner

Question 20

Social Cognitive theory - people can learn efficiently from observing the consequences of another person’s behavior

Answer 20

Albert Bandura

Question 21

Learning Theory derived from the work of Jean Piaget; assumes that children actively build their knowledge from first hand experiences in stimulating environments, known as:

Answer 21

Constructivism

Question 22

The organizing structures people use to think or guide behavior coined from Piaget.

Answer 22

SCHEMA

Question 23

the distance between the actual developmental level an individual has achieved (their independent level of problem solving) and the level of potential development they could achieve with adult guidance or through collaboration with other children

Answer 23

ZPD

Question 24

The assistance, guidance, and direction teachers provide children

Answer 24

SCAFFOLDING

Question 25

A childs interactions that have the most impact on a child’s development, due to their frequent, ongoing nature, often over extended periods of time

Answer 25

Proximal Process

Question 26

Using pleasant or unpleasant consequences to control behavior

Answer 26

operant conditioning

Question 27

learning is reflected in changes in behavior that are controlled by the consequences, either positive or negative, that follow the behavior.

Answer 27

behaviorism

Question 28

Teaching a new skill or behavior by rewarding each step toward the goal

Answer 28

Shaping