Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Derma > Eczema > Flashcards

Eczema Flashcards

1
Q

All eczema have the same histopathologic pattern called ________.

A

Spongiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the endogenous eczema?

A
  1. Atopic dermatitis
  2. Seborrheic dermatitis
  3. Nummular dermatitis
  4. Dyshidrotic eczema
  5. Stasis dermatitis
  6. Aztetotic dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major features of Atopic dermatitis

A
  1. Pruritus
  2. Rash on face, extensor, or both
  3. Lichenification in flexural areas
  4. Personal or family history of atopic disease
  5. Chronically relapsing dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infant distribution of AD

A

erythematous, scaly papules and plaques on the face, scalp, and ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Childhood (2yrs - puberty) distribution of AD

A

Flexural dermatitis
scaly plaques appear in the antecubital and popliteal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Teenager-Adult distribution of AD

A

Localized flexural extremities
Hands, dorsum, feet
scaly plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the physical findings associated to skin asthma

A

Perioral pallor

Allergic shiners ~ Hyperpigmentation around the eye

Dennie Morgan fold ~ extra fold beneath the eyelid

Palmar Hyperlinearity ~ increased palmar markings

Pityriasis alba ~ ill-defined hypopigmented patches commonly seen on the face

Keratosis pilaris
aka chicken skin; usually seen on the extensors extremities

Hertoghe sign ~ loss or thinning of the ⅓ eyebrow hair

Infra- and retro- auricular fissuring

Nipple eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis

A

there is a mutation in the gene encoding for filaggrin (structural protein in the epidermis) that cause impaired skin barrier leading to less water holding capacity and makes the skin dry. This cause increase susceptibility to irritants and allergens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Management for Atopic dermatitis (Skin Asthma)?

A
  1. Bathing (cool/lukewarm)
  2. Gentle cleanser & avoid allergens
  3. Use of emolients or mosturizers
  4. Use of anti inflammatories
  5. treat secondary infections if present.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What anti-inflammatories can be use?

A
  1. Topical steroids
  2. Topical calcineurin inhibitors
  3. Oral steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What potency of topical steroids are used in face and folds?

A

Low potency (i.e Hydrocortisone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What potency of topical steroids are used for thicker lesions on the rest of the body?

A

Mild potency (i.e Mometasone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What potency of topical steroids are used for thick like lichenified areas and also in the palms and soles

A

Potent (i.e Clobetasol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False. Can topical steroids be used for maintencace of skin asthma?

A

False. Use only for flare ups since overuse can caues: Skin atrophy, Telangiectasia, Striae, and Localized hypertrichosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can be used for mild flares and as maintenance therapy?

A

Topical calcineurin inhibotrs (i.e. Pimecrolimus & Tacrolimus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common agent for secondary infection in Atopic dermatitis and what are the treatments?

A

S. aureus
Topical antibiotics (Mupirocin or Dusidic acid)
Oral antibiotics (Cloxacillin or Cephalosporins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is uncontrolled eczema with weeping, crusting, pustules, and yellowish discharge

A

Impetiginized eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an acute worsening of eczema, patients with multiple vesicles and monomorphic punched out erosions cause by viral infections?

A

Eczema hepeticum

19
Q

It presents as greasy, scaly plaques on the scalp, face, and body

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

20
Q

Commonly known as ________ when it affects the scalp but can also affect the face, particularly the ______ such as glabellar area, eyebrows, eyelids, and nasolabial folds

A

Dandruff
Oily areas

21
Q

How to differentiate Atopic dermatitis to Seborrheic dermatits?

A

SD affects the scalp, skin folds, and diaper area while Atopic dermatits face and extremities.

22
Q

Differential diagnosis for Seborrheic dermatitis.

A
  1. Atopic dermatitis
  2. Psoriasis
  3. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  4. Pediculosis capitis
  5. Tinea Capitis
23
Q

What is the treatment for Seborrheic dermatitis

A
  1. Anti-dundruff shampoo with zinc pyrithione
  2. Topical antifungals cream and shampoo (miconazole & ketoconazole)
  3. Low potent topical steroid for severe scaling and inflammations
  4. Calcineurin inhibitors as alternative for topical steroids. (Tacrolimus & Pimecrolimus)
24
Q

True or False. High potent topical steroids can be used for long period of time and can be given in orally.

A

False. High potent can cause steroid-induced acne and topical steroids should only be use interminently.

25
Q

It is a coin-shaped lesion that starts as a few pruritic edematous papules that becomes crusted and scaly

A

Nummular dermatitis

26
Q

Differential diagnoses of Nummular dermatitis

A
  1. Tinea corporis ~ has fungal element
  2. Allergic contact dermatitis ~ specific areas consistent with exposure to environmental allergens
  3. Atopic dermatitis ~ can occure concurrently
27
Q

Intensely pruritic deep-seated papules and vesicles on the thenar and hypothenar surface of the hands and lateral aspects of fingers

A

Dyshidrotic dermatitis

28
Q

Endogenous factors for Dyshidrotic dermatitis?

A

genetics, stress, hyperdydrosis

29
Q

Management of Dyshidrotic dermatitis?

A
  1. Topical steroids (Clobetasol) ~ super potent
  2. Topical anti-perspirant (Aluminum chloride)
  3. Short course oral steroids
  4. Immune modulating medication (methotrexate, cyclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine)
  5. Allotretinoin ~ for resistant chronic disease
  6. Phototherapy ~ if not adequately controlled
30
Q

Differential diagnosis of Dyshidrotic dermatitis?

A
  1. Tinea Pedis ~ there is maceration and scaling in the toe webs and soles
  2. Contact dermatitis ~ lacks the deep seated vesicles and more scaling and dryness
  3. Atopic hand dermatitis ~ affects the dorsum of the hands and patients will have other signs of atopic dermatitis.
  4. Herpatic whitlow ~ Presents with grouped vesicles on an erythematous base and affects only one or few fingers of one hand. Painful instead of itchy
31
Q

It is an ill-defined, erythematous scaly plaque with erosions and a small, well-defined round ulceration on the ankle with yellowish crusts and appears shiny

A

Stasis dermatitis

32
Q

What are the aggrevating factor of Stasis dermatitis?

A
  1. Heart failure
  2. Hypertension
33
Q

Reason why Stasis dermatitis develops?

A

when there is stasis or stopping/slowing of the normal flow of blood and lymph in a body area, this induces capillaries and increased capillary permeability.

This leads to pericapillary fibrin cuffs and edema, leukocyte accumulation and adhesion to vascular epithelium, hemosiderin deposits, and hyperplastic venule

34
Q

What is the late stage of Statis dermatitis that is Characterized by erythema, edema, and pain, mimicking cellulitis?

A

Lipodermatosclerosis

35
Q

Differential diagnosis of Stasis dermatitis

A
  1. Cellulitis ~ usuallt unilateral
  2. Allergic Contact dermatitis ~ itchy while venous insufficiency is usually not
  3. Lichen simplex chronicus ~ does not present with edema; Well-defined, dry, very pruritic, lichenified plaque usually in the ankles
  4. Psoriasis ~ silvery-white scales; In contrast to stasis dermatitis, psoriasis lesions are usually not edematous, and painful
36
Q

Management for Stasis dermatitis

A
  1. Address the cause of stasis
  2. Lifestyle modifcation (exercise, avoid prolonged standing, weight loss, leg elevation)
  3. Topical corticosteroids
  4. Wound care
  5. Compression stockings
37
Q

Presents with dry scaling cracks, and ichthyosiform or fish-like scaling

A

Asteatotic dermatitis

38
Q

It is called “winter itch” or Eczema craquele that is very pruritic condition of the bilateral lower extremities
Most commonly seen in the elderly

A

Asteatotic dermatitis

39
Q

Management

A
  1. Emollients and moisturizers
  2. Avoid over-bathing and use of irritants
  3. Topical steroid ointment in more severe cases
40
Q

An exogenous contact dermatitis that has delayed type (type IV) hypersensitivity

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

41
Q

How to diagnose Allergic contact dermatitis

A

Patch testing

42
Q

The skin reaction or injury is caused by the inherent characteristics of the irritating compound

A

Irritant contact dermatitis

43
Q
A

Derma (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions