Eczema Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is another term used interchangeably for atopic eczema?

A

Atopic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Approximately what % of children will have eczema in childhood?

A

24%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is atopic eczema?

A

Inflammatory skin condition which commonly affects flexural areas

There is inflammation and barrier dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which group of people are more likely to get eczema?

A

Babies and children

->important to note that most eczema clears, 60% has cleared by adult life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a definition of atopic eczema?

A

An itchy skin condition in the last 12 months

PLUS 3 OF THE FOLLOWING:
-onset before age 2
-history of flexural involvement
-history of generally dry skin
-history of other atopic disease (hayfever, asthma, food allergy) or history in 1st degree relative if under 4yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which gene in particular plays a role in the pathogenisis of atopic eczema?

A

Filaggrin gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is atopic eczema related to family history?

A

Yes- atopic family history so any of asthma, hayfever, food allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the factors of the pathogenesis of atopic ezcema?

A

Genetics
Epidermal barrier dysfunction
Environmental factors
Immune system dysregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If you have one copy of the Filaggrin gene, what condition are you likely to develop?

A

Eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If you have two copies of the Filaggrin gene, what condition are you likely to develop?

A

Ichthyosis e.g. ichthyosis vulgaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Skin biopsies aren’t routinely carried out in eczema but if the diagnosis is unclear, they can be done.

What would be seen under the microscope?

A

Spongiosis (intercellular oedema) within the epidermis
Acanthosis - thickening of epidermis
Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main clinical feature of eczema?

A

Itch!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the usual distribution of eczema?

A

Flexures, neck, eyelids, face, hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the features of acute eczema?

A

Erythema
Prurutis
Scale
Papules
Exudate
Crustingq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the features of acute eczema?

A

Plaques, fissuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some of the types of exogenous/external eczema?

A

Contact dermatitis, either irritant or allergic
Lichen simplex
Photoallergic or photoaggravated eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some of the types of endogenous/internal eczema?

A

Atopic
Discoid
Venous
Seborrheic dermatitis
Pompholyx
Juvenile plantar dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity is allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How long does type 4 hypersensitivity rake to present?

A

2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which cells mediate type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

T cells

21
Q

What is irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Skin injured by either friction or environmental factors

22
Q

Which environmental factors can cause irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Cold
Over-exposure to water
Chemicals

23
Q

List some occupations in which contact dermatitis would be more common.

A

Hairdressers
NHS staff
Cleaners

24
Q

If you suspect dermatitis is due to contact allergy, which investigation may be carried out?

A

Patch testing

->potential allergies applied to skin to see if there is a reaction

25
Q

Which sites of the body is seborrhoeic dermatitis more likely to affect in children?

A

Hair bearing regions e.g. scalp, eyebrows, proximal features

26
Q

Which type of dermatitis/eczema is not as itchy?

A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis/ezcema

27
Q

What causes chronic seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Malassezia yeast increased in the scaly epidermis of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis

28
Q

What does seborrhoeic dermatitis look like in adults?

A

Red, sharply marginated lesions covered with greasy looking scales

29
Q

Which sites of the body is seborrhoeic dermatitis more likely to affect in adults?

A

Area rich in sebaceous glands e.g. scalp, face, upper trunk

30
Q

What is a pre-cursor of seborrhoeic eczema?

A

Dandruff

31
Q

What is the treatment of seborrhoeic eczema?

A

Topical anti-yeast e.g. ketoconazole, sometimes in a shampoo

32
Q

What should be considered in severe cases of seborrhoeic eczema?

A

HIV test

33
Q

Discoid eczema?

A

Circular plaques of eczema, amy develop at sites of trauma or irritation

Often presents in middle age in those who had eczema as a child

34
Q

Pompholyx/vesicular eczema?

A

Intensely itchy tiny blisters on palms and soles

Common in younger adults

35
Q

What is asteatotic eczema associated with?

A

Older age-> involves very dry and cracked skin

36
Q

Which area of the body is affected most commonly by asteatotic eczema?

A

Shins

37
Q

What factors increase risks of asteatotic eczema?

A

Hot climate
Excessive washing/soaps
Old age

38
Q

Where is venous eczema most commonly seen>

A

Legs, ankles

39
Q

What causes venous eczema?

A

Increased venous pressure

40
Q

What is venous eczema associated with?

A

Oedema

41
Q

What can be done to help patients with venous eczema?

A

Compression stockings to help reduce oedema

42
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

Eczema like condition which follows a herpes simplex viral infection

43
Q

What are the features of eczema herpeticum?

A

Fever, often unwell
Itchy clusters of blisters and erosions
Swollen lymph glands

44
Q

What is the management of eczema herpeticum?

A

Consider admission, antivirals and consider secondary bacterial infection

45
Q

What is involved in the treatment of eczema?

A

Patient education- avoid causative or exacerbating factors
Emollients (moisturisers)
Soap substitutes
Intermittent topical steroids
Sometimes antihistamines or antimicrobials
Calcineurin inhibitors

46
Q

What are the factors to consider about different types of emollients?

A

Ointment- greasy but effective
Creams- lighter
Lotions- more watery

->creams and lotions are easier and quicker to apply but need more frequent application

47
Q

What are some of the treatment options of severe eczema?

A

UV light
Immunosuppression
Biologics

48
Q
A