Ectoparasites Flashcards
Season of fleas in Ontario? Prevalence in the USA?
May to October (too dry in Jan, Feb) Highest in South East (flea activity is also year rounds in these regions)
4 pathogens transmitted by fleas in SA
Diplydium caninum Dipetelenema Bartonella Hensalae Rickettsia felis
Imidicloprid Drug class Approved for Mech of Action Application Speed of action
(Advantage) Neonicotinoid Flea adulticide Dogs and Cats Nicotinic cholinergic synapse Kills by contact (no need to bite) Monthly spot-on, spreads over the entire body (is not absorbed) Kills 99% of adults within 24hrs
Imidacloprid side effects What species do you not use it in? Products it’s contained in (3)
Safe, if with alcohol carrier maybe irritating Do not use in Birds 1. Advantage = imidacloprid = licenses as pest control 2. K9 Advantix = imidacloprid +permethrin = licensed as pest control 3. Advantage Multi = imidacloprid + moxidectin = licensed as drug
Spinosads Drug class Approved for Mech of action Mode of administration Duration it lasts
(Comfortis) Spinosyns Flea adulticide Dogs and Cats Nicotinic Ach receptors (different binding site than neonicotinoids) Oral.. absorbs into blood 1 month
Spinosad (Comfortis) adverse effects Contraindications? Products it’s contained within (2)
Vomitting Do not use with animals using off-label doses of ivermectin, dogs with epilepsy 1. Comfortis = spinosad 2. Trifexis = Milbemycin + Spinosad
Nitenpyram Drug Class? Approved in? Mech of Action? Method of Admin? Duration of action?
(Capstar) Flea Adulticide Neonicotinoid Dogs and Cats Same as imidacloprid (nicotinic cholernergic receptor) Oral, absorbs in blood = flea bite required for exposure 24 hrs
Nitenpyram (Capstar) safety?
Very safe in Dogs and Cats
3 Flea adulticides & drug classes & method of admin
- Imidacloprid (Advantage) = Neonicotinoid = spot-on 2. Spinosad (Comfortis) = Spinosyn = oral 3. Nitenpyram (Capstar) = Neonicotinoid = oral
Insect Growth Regulators Who do they kill? What are their two categories? Safety? When do they become effective?
Eggs, pupae, larva (not adults) 1. Insect Development Inhibitors 2. Juvenile hormone analogs Extremely safe After few weeks of Tx
Lufenuron Drug category? Approved in? Mech of Action? Mode of app./duration of action (2)?
(Program, Sentinel) Insect Development Inhibitor (fleas) Dogs and Cats (depending on admin) Inhibits chitin synthesis = preventing egg hatching, larva develop Ingested in bloodmeal Oral = dogs & cats = 1 month Injection = cats = 6 months
Lufenuron Using as preventative when do you admin? During active infection how do you admin? Does it transmit into milk?
1 month prior to flea season In combination with an adulticide (for first 4-6wks) Yes (so only need to Tx mother)
Juvenile Hormone Analogs (Fleas) Mech of action? 2 common drugs?
Prevent decline of hormone = prevent hatching or maturation into adult from larva 1. Methoprene 2. Pyriproxyfen
Methoprene 2 modes of admins? 2 drugs it’s in & animals they’re approved for?
Spot-on = ovicide if females expossed Environmental = larvicide 1. Hartz = methoprene = dogs and cats 2. Frontline Plus (USA) = methoprene, fipronil (adulticide)
Selamectin Drug class Mech of action? What stages of fleas? Mode of admin? Duration of action? Approved species? Other uses (2)?
Revolution Macrocyclic lactone GABA- and Glutamate-gated Cl- channels Adults and larva (fleas) Spot-on, once a month Dog (including ivermectin sensitive) and cats Rhipicephalus sanguineus (not in USA) Dermecentor variabalis (aid in control)
