Ecosystems And Interactions Between Organisms

Question 1

what is an individual

Answer 1

a single organism

Question 2

what is a population

Answer 2

all the organisms of one species in a habitat

Question 3

what is a community

Answer 3

all the organisms of different species living in a habitata

Question 4

what is an ecosystem

Answer 4

a community of organisms along with all the non living (abiotic) conditions

Question 5

what is interdependence

Answer 5

when organisms depend on each other for things such as food and shelter in order to survive and reproduce

Question 6

what does interdependence imply about the effects of a population change within a species

Answer 6

it have have huge knock on effects for other species in the same community

Question 7

what is mutualism

Answer 7

• a relationship between two organisms from which both organisms benefit
• like bees and flowering plants

Question 8

how do bees and flowering plants have a mutualistic relationship

Answer 8

• when bees visit flowers to get nectar, pollen is transferred to their bodies
• bees spread pollen to other plants when they and on flowers
• the bees get food and the plants get help reproducing

Question 9

what do parasites dont do that a lot of organisms do or have

Answer 9

• they dont have a mutualistic relationship with the host it is on or in
• the parasite takes what it needs o survive, but the host doesnt benefit
• parasites like fleas feed on their hosts blood, but dont offer anything in return

Question 10

what are changes in the environment caused by

Answer 10

• abiotic (non living) and biotic (living) factors
• which affect communities in different ways
• such as population size increasing or decreasing or the distribution of organisms change

Question 11

what are the four examples of abiotic factors that affect communities

Answer 11

• temperature
• amount of water
• light intensity
• levels of pollutants

Question 12

what is an example of how temperature affects communities

Answer 12

• the distribution of birds in germany is probably changing due to a rise in average temperature
• the european bee eater bird is a mediterranean species but is now present in parts of germany

Question 13

what is an example of how the amount of water affects communities

Answer 13

• daises grow best in soils t hat are slightly damp

- if the soil becomes waterlogged or too dry, the population of daises will decrease

Question 14

what is an example of how light intensity affects communities

Answer 14

• as trees grow and provide more shade, grasses may be replaced by fungi or mosses
• which are better to cope with the lower light intensity

Question 15

what is an example of how levels of pollutants affects communities

Answer 15

lichen are unable to survive if the concentration of sulfur dioxide is too high

Question 16

what are the two examples of biotic factors that affect communities

Answer 16

• competition

- predation

Question 17

how does competition affect communities

Answer 17

• organisms compete with other species for the same resources
• red and grey squirrels live in the same habitat and eat the same food
• competition with the grey squirrels for these resources in some areas means that theres not enough food for the reds
• so the population of red squirrels is decreasing, partly as a result of this

Question 18

what is an example of how predation affects communities

Answer 18

• if the number of lions decreases the number of gazelles might increase
• because fewer of them will be eaten by the lions