Ecosystems

Question 1

Abiotic

Answer 1

physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms. No living

Question 2

Biotic

Answer 2

Living organisms

Question 3

Symbiosis

Answer 3

interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

Question 4

Mutualism

Answer 4

Is when both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Question 5

Parasitism

Answer 5

Is when one benefits from the relationship and one is harmed.

Question 6

Commensalism

Answer 6

Is when one benefits from the relationship and the other one doesn’t care.

Question 7

Chemosynthetic

Answer 7

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

Question 8

Food chains

Answer 8

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

Question 9

Food webs

Answer 9

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

Question 10

Trophic level

Answer 10

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

Question 11

First-order

Answer 11

organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer

Question 12

Primary consumers

Answer 12

the first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer

Question 13

Secondary consumers

Answer 13

the second consumer in a food chain; also known as a second-order consumer

Question 14

Energy Pyramid

Answer 14

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

Question 15

Pyramid of numbers

Answer 15

a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

Question 16

Pyramid of biomass

Answer 16

a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

Question 17

Birth rate

Answer 17

the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time

Question 18

Death rate

Answer 18

the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time

Question 19

Immigration

Answer 19

the number of individuals moving into an area

Question 20

Emigration

Answer 20

the number of individuals leaving an area

Question 21

Exponential growth

Answer 21

a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph

Question 22

Sigmoid

Answer 22

the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau

Question 23

Steady state or plateau state

Answer 23

see equilibrium

Question 24

Equilibrium

Answer 24

a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase

Question 25

Zero population growth

Answer 25

the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out

Question 26

Carrying capacity

Answer 26

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

Question 27

Producers or autotrophs

Answer 27

An organism at the base of the food chain that does not feed of other organism, so it produces its own food.

Question 28

Photosynthesis

Answer 28

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

Question 29

Fat

Answer 29

Is an organic that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Question 30

Metabolism

Answer 30

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells.

Question 31

Cellular respiration

Answer 31

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. That is energy.

Question 32

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 32

a form of energy released during cellular respiration that provides cells with the energy needed to perform their functions

Question 33

Aerobic respiration

Answer 33

the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.

Question 34

Glycolysis

Answer 34

process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released

Question 35

Cytosol

Answer 35

the fluid found inside cells

Question 36

Krebs cycle

Answer 36

part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced

Question 37

Electron transport chain reactions

Answer 37

part of the aerobic respiration process

Question 38

Mitochondria

Answer 38

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes.

Question 39

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 39

the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

Question 40

Lactic acid or lactate

Answer 40

an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate