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Science > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Niche

A

Comfortable or suitable position in the environment

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2
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living organisms

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3
Q

Biotic

A

Living organisms

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4
Q

Ecosystems

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

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5
Q

Parasite

A

an organism which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

the doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm

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8
Q

Predator

A

an animal that naturally preys on others

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9
Q

Prey

A

an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food

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10
Q

Host

A

An organism which lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the others expense

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11
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close relationship between two organisms of different kinds which benefits both organisms

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12
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association

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13
Q

Parasitism

A

Relationship between two species of organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other,sometimes without killing the host organism

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14
Q

Commensalism

A

Relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and then other derives neither benefit or harm

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15
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

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16
Q

Food chains

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

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17
Q

Food web

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

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18
Q

Trophies level

A

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

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19
Q

First order

A

organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer

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20
Q

Second order

A

organism that is within the third trophic level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer

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21
Q

Energy pyramid

A

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

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22
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

23
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

24
Q

Birth rate

A

the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time

25
Q

Death rate

A

the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time

26
Q

Immigration

A

the number of individuals moving into an area

27
Q

Emigration

A

the number of individuals leaving an area

28
Q

Exponential growth

A

a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph

29
Q

Sigmoid

A

the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau

30
Q

Equilibrium

A

a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase

31
Q

Zero population growth

A

the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out

32
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

33
Q

Producers

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms

34
Q

Autotrophs

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms
They eat themselves

35
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

36
Q

Fat

A

an organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

37
Q

Metabolism

A

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

38
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

39
Q

ATP

A

a form of energy released during cellular respiration that provides cells with the energy needed to perform their functions

40
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy

41
Q

Glycolysis

A

process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released

42
Q

Cytosol

A

the fluid found inside cells

43
Q

Krebs cycle

A

part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced

44
Q

Mitochondria

A

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes

45
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

46
Q

Lactic acid

A

an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate

47
Q

Ethanol

A

an end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol

48
Q

Eutrophication

A

a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms

49
Q

Insecticides

A

a chemical used to kill insects

50
Q

Fungicides

A

a chemical used to kill fungal growth

51
Q

Herbicides

A

a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)

52
Q

Fumigants

A

a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests

53
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification

54
Q

Introduced species

A

an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally

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