Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

study of how organisms interact with their environment and each other

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2
Q

Environment

A

anything and everything in a organisms surroundings

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3
Q

ecosystem

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

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4
Q

Abiotic

A

part of the environment that was never living

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5
Q

biotic

A

part of the environment that was alive or is alive

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6
Q

Producer

A

(AKA autotroph, involved with photosynthesis directly)

organsims capable of making their own food from water, light, and air

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7
Q

Herbivore

A

an organism that eats grass as 90% of its diet

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8
Q

Carnivore

A

organism that eats meat as 90% of its diet

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9
Q

Omnivore

A

organism that eats a mixture of meat and fresh plants

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10
Q

Detritus

A

waste from plants and animals, including dead remains

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11
Q

Scavenger

A

organisms that feed on bodies of larger dead animals

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12
Q

Decomposer

A

organisms that break down organic matter at cellular level

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13
Q

Trophic Level

A

Place in a food chain an organism feeds

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14
Q

Detritivores

A

organisms that feed own bodies of smaller animals

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15
Q

Community

A

All organisms that interact within an ecosystem

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16
Q

population

A

all the members of a certain species within an ecosystem

17
Q

Species

A

all organisms within an ecosystem that have the same structure and can reproduce with each other

18
Q

Food Web

A

combination of paths showing various relationships among organisms

19
Q

Food chain

A

single path of energy through an ecosystem

20
Q

Heterotroph

A

a consumer

21
Q

Name three things that are biotic and three abiotic

A

Biotic - Tree, grass, insects

Abiotic - soil, wind, nitrogen

22
Q

What are the three types of consumers?

A

Herbivore , omnivore, carnivore

23
Q

Whats the difference between community and population?

A

The difference is that a population is just a single species within a ecosystem while a community is all the living things

24
Q

What are the three types of the relationships between organisms?

A

Communalism - One species benefits while other isn’t affected EG - barnacles on a whale
Parasitism - One species benefits, other is harmed EG - hookworm in dogs
Mutualism - Both species benefit EG - bees getting nectar from flower

25
Q

biodiversity

A

refers to the variety and number of different species in an ecosystem

26
Q

What % of energy in food chains is passed on from one level to the next, and what type of energy is it?

A

10% is passed on, and its heat energy

27
Q

Whats the difference between a food chain and a food web?

A

The difference is that a food chain shows the transfers of energy through stages while food webs are interconnected food chains

28
Q

Whats the difference between food chain and trophic level?

A

trophic level refers to the basic energy levels within a food chain

29
Q

What is the trophic level of tertiary consumers?

A

carnivores, 4th level

30
Q

Biogeochemical cycle

A

Flow of chemical elements between living things in an ecosystem

31
Q

Describe the carbon cycle

A

The movement of carbon between biosphere, and the atmosphere and the oceans and gesosphere

32
Q

Describe the nitrogen cycle

A

movement of nitrogen from air and soil to living things and back.

33
Q

what are the 3 ways plants absorb nitrogen ?

A

through soil

34
Q

What forms of nitrogen are usable for plants ?

A

Nitrate, NO3

35
Q

What is bioaccumulation ?

A

The buildup of toxins after long periods of time

36
Q

What are the effects of introducing a new species into an ecosystem?

A

the new species will have to compete with others to get food, possibly driving other species into extinction

37
Q

What are some abiotic factors limiting a population?

A

Competition for food, predators, available food

38
Q

What are some biotic factors limiting a population ?

A

Temp, sunlight, natural disasters