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Science > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living surroundings (sunlight, wind, rocks, shelter, soil)

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2
Q

Biotic

A

Living Organisms (birds, plants, fungus, bacteria, animals)

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

Atmosphere - Air
Hydrosphere - Water
Lithosphere - Earth

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4
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of living organisms living and non-living surroundings

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5
Q

Habitat

A

The natural home or environment of an animal, plant or other organism

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6
Q

Population

A

Group of the same species living in the same area

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7
Q

Community

A

Different populations living together in an area

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8
Q

Decomposers

A

Fungi, bacteria and small invertebrates that break down dead organisms into simpler organic molecules. Makes nutrients for primary consumers

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9
Q

Producers

A

An organism (plants) that can create its own food or energy

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10
Q

Consumers

A

An organism that gains energy by eating plants or animals

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11
Q

Why are they important?

A

Ecosystems need constant energy, producers use energy to make food and consumers take in energy by eating producers or other living things. Decomposers break down dead organisms and waste and release nutrients back into the environment

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12
Q

Difference between food web and food chain

A

A food chain is the flow of energy in one direction while a food web is the flow of energy in multiple directions
Food chains show a snapshot of what they eat directly where as food webs show how the plants and animals connected help each other to survive

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13
Q

What happens to energy in a food chain as it goes further up the trophies levels?

A

There is less energy available so organisms high up the food chain need to eat more to sustain themselves. The energy passed onto the next organism is less as each organism will use up energy in order to live (respire, excerpt, move etc)

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14
Q

Herbivores

A

Animals that feed mostly on plants

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15
Q

Carnivores

A

An organism that feeds primarily on meat or flesh

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16
Q

Omnivores

A

Organism that eats both plants and animals

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17
Q

Alex predator

A

Animal at the top of the food chain/web that has no natural predators

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18
Q

Primary consumer

A

Animals that eat producers (herbivores)

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19
Q

Secondary consumers

A

Usually carnivores that feed in herbivores

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20
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

Carnivore at the top most level of the food chain that feeds on other carnivores

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21
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close physical long-term relationship between two organisms of different species

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22
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit

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23
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits and the other is not affected

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24
Q

Parasitism

A

One benefits and the other is harmed

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25
Q

Relationships within a species

A
26
Q

Collaboration

A

Work together in order to ensure survival

27
Q

Mating

A

Organisms mate and produce offspring ensuring survival

28
Q

Competition

A

Occurs when organisms use the same limited resource

29
Q

Quadrats

A

Used for stationary animals and plants.
Organisms are counted in squares and then the average is calculated for the total area of the ecosystem

30
Q

Capture-recapture

A

Used for animals that are mobile.
Animals are captured in traps and marked with markers, then released.
This works out the estimate of the population in the ecosystem.

31
Q

Introduced species

A

A species released into a ecosystem where they don’t occur naturally

32
Q

Invasive species

A

An organism that causes ecological or economic problems in an environment where they are not native

33
Q

Negative impacts of an invasive species

A

Loss of habitat
Killing of native species (may cause extinction)

34
Q

Biological control

A

The use of living organism to control a pest

35
Q

Is biological control good?

A

Environmentally friendly - causes no pollution and affects only the target
It won’t completely exterminate the pest
Research is needed to see if the introduced species may cause more harm

36
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

37
Q

What is the equation

A

Carbons dioxide + water (with chlorophyll and sunlight) = glucose + oxygen

38
Q

How does water enter plants

A

Water enters through stem and up to its leaves

39
Q

How does carbon dioxide get inside plants

A

Through tiny holes in the plants leaves

40
Q

Parts of the plants involved in photosynthesis

A

Leaves
chloroplast
Roots

41
Q

Why is photosynthesis important

A

Earth can have consistent supply of oxygen
Primary energy process for most trees and plants
Directly or indirectly affects most life on Earth

42
Q

Respiration

A

The process inside a cell to covert energy from nutrients into chemical energy (ATP) and then releases waste product

43
Q

Equation

A

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

44
Q

What’s the difference between respiration and breathing

A

Breathing is the process of inhaling and exhaling of gases between cells and the environment.
Respiration is a chemical process that occurs in cells

45
Q

Where does respiration occur

A

The mitochondria

46
Q

What is produced

A

Water, carbon dioxide and (ATP) energy

47
Q

Why is it important

A

Can break down energy storing molecules to generate energy
Essential for the various functions in a cell

48
Q

Natural Impacts

A
49
Q

Drought

A

Animals migrate elsewhere until improved
Ecosystems severely affected
Erosion can remove essential nutrients in organisms

50
Q

Seasonal changes

A

Cold = animals migrate
Population decrease in one environment
Spring = animals increase
Plants pollinate
Competition - some survive whiles others die allowing balance

51
Q

Floods

A

Growth of plants
Snakes flushed out of cover = danger to humans
Run - off brings in sediment and pesticides allowing some algae to dominate the environment

52
Q

Human Impacts

A
53
Q

Pollution

A

Sicken/ death of certain species
Collapse of food webs

54
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Produce a lot of carbon dioxide
Increase heat trapped
Global warming increase

55
Q

Land degradation

A

Loss of soul fertility
Destruction of habitat and biodiversity

56
Q

Factors that limit the size of an animal population

A

Amount of food and water available
How quickly they reproduce, how many do they have, do the babies survive
Symbiosis eg parasitism

57
Q

Factors that limit plant population

A

Access to sunlight, water and nutrients

58
Q

Where do animals get their energy from

A

Animals get it from producers or other organisms and also from cellular respiration which creates ATP (a type of energy)

59
Q

How is energy trapped and made into chemical energy?

A

Light energy is trapped in chlorophyll along with carbon dioxide and water, converted in chemical energy

60
Q

Human impact - habitat destruction

A

Clearing land to build or grow crops, relives habitat of native species

61
Q

Human impact - chemical pollution

A

Toxic chemicals kill

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