Ecosystem Services

Question 1

Supporting Services: (3)

Answer 1

⦁ Habitat Provision
⦁ Soil Formation
⦁ Nutrient Cycling

Question 2

Provisioning Services: (4)

Answer 2

⦁ Food
⦁ Fuel
⦁ Timber
⦁ Fiber

Question 3

Regulating Services: (3)

Answer 3

⦁ Climate Regulation
⦁ Flood Regulation
⦁ Water Purification

Question 4

Cultural Services: (3)

Answer 4

⦁ Educational
⦁ Recreational
⦁ Aesthetic

Question 5

Resurce Management & Conservation Schemes (7)

Answer 5

⦁ Debt for Nature Swaps
⦁ Good Agricultural Practices
⦁ Public-Private Partnerships
⦁ Economic Valuation
⦁ Payment for Ecosystem Services
⦁ Environment Impact Assessment
⦁ Protected Area System

Question 6

an agreement that reduces a developing country’s debt stock or service in exchange for a commitment to protect nature from the debtor-government.

Answer 6

Debt for Nature Swaps

Question 7

Debt for Nature Swaps Projects in the Philippines

Answer 7

⦁ on June 6, 1988, the World Wide Fund (WWF) signed a $900K debt-for-nature swap through the HARIBON Foundation to protect and manage protected areas.
⦁ on July 26, 2013, the US signed a $32M debt-for-nature swap to protect rainforests in the Philippines.

Question 8

a certifying division that ensures food safety and assure quality of agricultural products while keeping high regard for environment protection and that of workers health, safety, and welfare.

Answer 8

Good Agricultural Practices

Question 9

GAP regulates the following: (7)

Answer 9

⦁ Site History and Management
⦁ Planting Material (Propagation Material)
⦁ Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
⦁ Fertilizers and Soil Additives
⦁ Water (Irrigation/Fertigation)
⦁ Chemicals (Insecticide, Pesticide, Herbicide)
⦁ Harvesting and Handling Produce

Question 10

partnerships between private business stakeholders and government agencies for environmeny protection

Answer 10

Private-Public Partnerships

Question 11

ecological services are monetized to show the economic value of the resource. This will highlight the importance of the resource and may lead to its protection.

Answer 11

Economic Valuation

Question 12

occurs when a beneficiary of an ecosystem service makes a direct or indirect payment to the pay for services received.

Answer 12

Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)

Question 13

a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural, and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.

Answer 13

Environmental Impact Assessment

Question 14

recognizes the criticial importance of protecting and maintaining the natural, biological, and physical diversities of the environment notably on areas with biologically unique features to sustain human life and development.

Answer 14

RA 7586 National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)

Question 15

Protected Area System Examples (8)

Answer 15

⦁ Strict Nature Reserve
⦁ Natural Park
⦁ Natural Monument
⦁ Wildlife Santuary
⦁ Protected Landscapes and Seascapes
⦁ Resource Reserve
⦁ Natural Biotic Areas
⦁ Areas Established by Law

Question 16

⦁ 241,495.92 hectares of marine and terrestrial areas.
⦁ only nesting site of green sea turtles in the Philippines.
⦁ only major nesting ground in the ASEAN region.
⦁ 11th major nesting site in the world.

Answer 16

Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary (Sulu, Tawi-Tawi)

Question 17

⦁ refers to any substance that negatively impacts the environment or organisms that live within the affected environment.

Answer 17

Pollution

Question 18

Types of Pollution: (3)

Answer 18

⦁ Water Pollution
⦁ Air Pollution
⦁ Soil Pollution

Question 19

How does pollution affect environmental health?

Answer 19

Everything in our environment is interrelated and interacting. Thus, pollutants can have negative effects on the ecosystem as a whole.

Question 20

Impacts of Pollution: (2)

Answer 20

⦁ Health Effects: (4)
⦁ Environmental Effects: (5)

Question 21

Health Effects: (4)

Answer 21

⦁ Reproductive Problems
⦁ Respiratory Problems
⦁ Neurological Problems
⦁ Immune Problems

Question 22

Environmental effects (5)

Answer 22

⦁ Acid Rain
⦁ Eutrophication
⦁ Haze
⦁ Crop and Forest Damage
⦁ Global Climate Change

Question 23

Mechanisms to Reduce Pollutants (2)

Answer 23

International Mechanisms

Local Mechanisms

Question 24

International Mechanisms

Answer 24

⦁ Binding and Unbinding Legal Instruments

 ⦁ Conventions

      ⦁ Clean Development

⦁ Conference of Parties

⦁ Reduction of Emission Due to Deforestation and Degradation (RED+)

Question 25

Local Mechanisms

Answer 25

⦁ Legislation

Question 26

International Mechanisms

Conventions (4)

Answer 26

⦁ Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985
⦁ London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, London, 1972
⦁ Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially, as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971
⦁ World Heritage Convention Concering the Protecting of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 1972
⦁ The Kyoto Protocol, Kyoto, Japan, 1997

Question 27

Local Mechanisms
Legislation (5)

Answer 27

⦁ Republic Act 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
⦁ Republic Act 9275 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
⦁ Republic Act 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
⦁ Republic Act 6969 Toxic Substances, Hazardous, and Nuclear Wate Control Act of 1990
⦁ Presidental Decree 1586 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of 1978