Economy and Society Flashcards
What did the decree on nationalisation do?
All large industries liable to nationalisation without compensation, 1918
How many businesses were nationalised by 1920?
37,000
How did Lenin enforce war communism on peasants?
Grain requisitioning
- taken to feed workers in the cities
Why was there a decline in the use of money?
Workers paid in food
How did Lenin assert control on factories?
Told factories what to produce and put his own managers in control of the factories
Workers were also prevented from leaving cities
How much bread were workers given in their rations?
200g of bread a day
What was the 1920 rouble worth in comparison to 1917
1920 rouble worth 1% of its 1917 value
How much did Petrograd’s population fall by 1920?
Fell by 1.6 million by 1920
What caused the introduction of NEP?
Kronstadt sailor uprising
Why was the Kronstadt uprising significant?
Because they were the main supporters of the Bolsheviks during the October revolution
- Trotsky crushed the uprising and over 20,000 men were killed
How many died in the 1921 famine?
5 million
What caused the 1921 famine?
Drought in southern Russia
However due to grain requisitioning, there was less grain stock to fall back on
Which peasant uprising was significant?
The Tambov uprising (Aug 1920 - June 1921)
Became a no-go area for soviet power
What was the impact of this uprising in the countryside?
By March 1921 soviet power in the countryside ceased to exist
Caused urban food crisis and workers strikes
What policy did Lenin introduce as a “last resort”?
New Economic Policy
What did NEP introduce?
•Grain requisitioning abolished
•Tax in kind for peasants (allowed them to sell grain surplus)
•Ban on private trade lifted
•37,000 small business opened
•Ban on factions introduced
How much did cereal production increase under NEP?
Increased 23% from 1920 to 1923
How much did factory output increase under NEP?
200% increase from 1920 to 1923
Who were NEP men?
Business men who would buy products and sell them on the market for more expensive
Handled 3/4 of retail trade by 1923
What was the issue with NEP?
•caused the scissors crisis
•many believed it betrayed the premise of the October revolution (step towards capitalism)
What was the scissors crisis?
Due to a he short supply of industry products, industrial prices rose
There was a larger supply of grain now which caused agricultural prices to fall
When was NEP introduced?
March 1921
