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History > ECONOMY > Flashcards

ECONOMY Flashcards

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1
Q

What were people’s jobs dependent on?

A

Trade with other parts of the world

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2
Q

What did the majority of the Scotland population live in?

A

The central belt

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3
Q

What is the central belt?

A

An area of the country stretching from Glasgow in the west to Edinburgh in the east

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4
Q

What were the key industries?

A 
Shipbuilding
Engineering
Coal
Iron
Steel
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5
Q

What was Glasgow known as?

A

The city of the empire

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6
Q

Who said cities were very successful?

A

Edwin Muir

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7
Q

During what year did Clyde launch 750,000 tons of shipping?

A

1913

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8
Q

What was vital to the Scottish economy?

A

International trade

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9
Q

Why was international trade vital to the Scottish economy?

A

Because of the food problem ,Scotland relied on places abroad to supply them with 5 days of food whilst they supplied themselves with the other 2 days

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10
Q

What was another worrying development?

A

Foreign competition

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11
Q

Why did Scottish factory owners start building factories abroad ?

A

To take advantage of lower wage costs

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12
Q

What were the 5 keys industries that dominated the Scottish economy?

A 
Coal
Iron and steel
Shipbuilding
Fishing
Textiles
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13
Q

During what years was coal Scotland’s fastest growing industry ?

A

1900

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14
Q

In 1900 how many miners were employed in Scotland’s coalmines?

A

Over 150,000

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15
Q

What did coal face gorging demands from?

A

Oil, gas and electricity

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16
Q

How did oil,gas and electricity effect coal?

A

Cut demands for coal in people’s homes

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17
Q

What were problems facing the coal industry in 1914? (4)

A

It was falling behind

Foreign competition took away markets

Oil,gas and electricity cut demands for coal

Mine owners were reluctant to adopt new technology

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18
Q

Where are the main coal fields in Scotland?

A

Central belt
Fife
Ayrshire
Lothian

19
Q

What allowed steel to be mass produced by 1900?

A

New technology

20
Q

By 1911 how many tonnes of steel were being produced each year?

A

1 million

21
Q

What towns were steel works built in?

A

Airdrie
Coatbridge
Mossend
Wishaw

22
Q

Who was park head forge in Glasgow owned by ?

A

William Beardmore

23
Q

What did park head forge produce?

A

Armour plate for Royal Navy battle ships

24
Q

What did the Scottish economy have a huge effect on?

A

Other parts of the world due to globalisation trade

25
Q

What provided a boost for iron and steel industries?

A

Naval arms race with Germany

26
Q

What shipyards were among the best in the world?

A

Clyde

27
Q

During what year was the worlds first steel hulled ship launched on the Clyde?

A

1879

28
Q

How many ships in the world were built on the Clyde?

A

1 in 5

29
Q

In 1902 how many different years were on the Clyde?

A

40

30
Q

By 1914 what percentage of the worlds shipping was built on the Clyde?

A

Almost 20%

31
Q

What was the Clyde yards most important source for orders?

A

The Royal Navy

32
Q

In 1905 what provided an important boost for shipyards?

A

The naval arms race

Building of dreadnoughts

33
Q

What allowed fresh fish to be transported across the country?

A

The growth of railways

34
Q

What was the main catch of Scottish fishermen?

A

Herring

35
Q

What did the men followed around the coast?

A

Shoals and herring

36
Q

What did the fisherwomen do at the ports and where were the barrels exported to?

A

Gut and pack the fish into barrels

Russian and Germany

37
Q

During what year was textile production in decline?

A

By 1900

38
Q

Was textile a major employer?

A

Yes

39
Q

What’s a good example of an industry dependent on international trade?

A

Jute

40
Q

What is jute?

A

A raw material for sacking- it was brought to Dundee from Bangladesh and treated with whale oil

41
Q

What else was jute used to make?

A

Coal sacks

Nose bags for horses

42
Q

How many people were employed in Dundee in the jute industry?

A

Over 70,000

Biggest factory in caper town 14,000

43
Q

Why was juteopolis facing difficulties?

A

Foreign competition, factories in India were being developed within Scottish technology and investment

44
Q

In Paisley what factory provided thousands of people with jobs?

A

Cotton

History (6 decks)

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