Economy 1950-61 Flashcards

1
Q

Who drew up the 5 year plans?

A

State planning commision

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2
Q

Aim of first 5 year plan?

A

Develop heavy industry

Achieve economic development that could withstand reparation

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3
Q

Electricity production

A

Increased by 10 000 kw but did not meet target of 32 000

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4
Q

Cement production

A

Exceeded target by 400 tons

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5
Q

What % of the industrial sector did peoples’ enterprises cover

A

75%

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6
Q

Private enterprise in 1960?

A

Controlled only 9% of total industrial output

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7
Q

Coal production

A

Fell by 200 tons

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8
Q

Impact of long hrs and lack of CGs

A

Caused a mass exodus

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9
Q

Failed targets?

A

Lignite, electricity and steel

- these targets were very ambitious though!

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10
Q

Why did agricultural production fail?

A

Lack of machinery and beneficiaries lacked experience

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11
Q

Voluntary collectivisation

A

1952-8: only 1/3 of farmland had been collectivised

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12
Q

Second attempt at collectivisation?

A

1960: denied reluctant farmers access to machinery, arrested and forcibly took their land

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13
Q

Farmers emigrating?

A

Disproportionately high rural farmers emigrating due to disarisfaction- 15 000

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14
Q

Crop yields?

A

Fell by 30% from 1960 to 1961

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15
Q

Expropriation of land

A

If Junkers had +100 hectares.
A popular reform
1/3 of GDR’s farmland reallocated to +500 000 beneficiaries

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16
Q

State budget in 1952

A

700 bn osrmarks in debt

17
Q

What did the first 5 year plan not account for?

A

Cost of Armed forces and reparations to the USSR

18
Q

What was sacrificed at the expense of meeting targets? Give an example of this happening?

A

CGs through gov. cuts in spending. Paper, clothers and basic foodstuffs were hard to come by

19
Q

What did central planners do to avoid taking blame for economic failures?

A

They scapegoated emigrants and Junkers for deliberately limiting production and conspiring with the W.

20
Q

Wages and output?

A

Wages were cut but workers were expected to increase output each quarter

21
Q

What happened to the prison pop.?

A

Grew by +30 000 from 1952-3

22
Q

What sparked the June revolt?

A

Poor SoL and working conditions and Stalin’s death created uncertainty about the future of the USSR

23
Q

Was the revolt popular? What did the rebels call for?

A

Yes

Free elections and they denounced the gov.

24
Q

The harsh side of the gov’s dual approach to dealing with the revolt?

A

Political prisoners executed

Security tightened in fear of another rebellion

Stasi numbers increased and the GDR joimed the Warsaw Pact

25
The "soft" side to the gov's dual approach in dealing with the June revolt?
Announced increases in wages, pensions and CGs | Possible because the USSR stopped taking reparations
26
How much land was farmed by collectives?
83.5%