Economy

Question 1

War communism

Answer 1

Wanted to ensure troops had sufficient supplies during civil war
Introduced food dictatorship- free market abolished grain requisition started food rationed
Led to economic ruin
Caused hyperinflation
1920- famine in rural areas
1921- harvest only 46% of 1913
6 million died
Led to tambov rising and kronstdt mutiny

Question 2

NEP

Answer 2

March 1921
End of grain requisitioning
Replaced by food tax
Allowed presents to gain surplus and sell to traders
1926 produced same amount as 1913
Some refered to as new exploitation of the proletariat
Believed peasants were becoming a new capitalist class called NEP men
Many in crisis due to the conflicting beliefs
Appeared capitalism was re-emergence
Did help revitalise the economy

Question 3

FYPs (stalin)

Answer 3

Reversal of NEPs
1928-command economy
Magnitogorsk-1932
Small settlement if 25 people to a steel super power of 250,000 people
Elevated USSR to world stage
Electricity production trebled
Coal and iron output doubled
However created the man made famine holodomer Ukraine was give unachievable grain quotas leading to death of around 3.9 million in Ukraine 1932-33
The famine across the whole of the ussr killed 6-9 million
1932- construction of the white sea- baltic canal
250,000 gulag workers
16,000 died
Too shallow to use and frozen half the year

Question 4

Khruschev

Answer 4

Recovery from war
105 regional economic councils
Managers able to keep 40% of profit for reinvestment
Synthetic fibre production increased areas East of Urals received 40% investment
1957- First space satellite
Annual growth rate 7.1%
Emphasis on C.G
Improved working conditions introduced a minimum wage
Incentivised peasants by reducing taxes

Question 5

Brezhnev

Answer 5

1 in 3 roubles going towards agricultural and agricultural industry investment
Output declined
Large annual imports of grain paid for in US Dollars
Expansion of oil gas and petrochemical industries.
Oil cost wasted and little use made of foreign technology
Lack if innovation and motivation
Able to compete in industries such as space however this came at the cost of other sectors.

Question 6

Andropov

Answer 6

Anti alcohol campaign well received but it led in sharp fall in government revenue.
His industrial policy was sensible but ineffective
As econ was already in terminal decline. Allowed workers to know the truth about the economic stagnation.