Economies

Question 1

Porter 2000

Answer 1

Cluster is a geographically proximate group of associated institutions in a particular field
Linked by commonalities

Question 2

Marshall 1920

Answer 2

Marshallian industrial districts 
Positives of clustering 
Vertical and horizontal 
Pool o skilled labour
'Industrial atmosphere' 
Horizontal stimulates vertical growth

Question 3

Muskell et al 1998

Answer 3

Inter firm communication

Question 4

Marshall 1927

Answer 4

Pipelines

Exchange and flow of information between firms through pipelines

Question 5

Murdock 1995

Answer 5

Pipelines are in LA, London advertising and Silicon Valley

Question 6

Storper and venables 2002

Answer 6

Buzz - vibrant areas where this exchange of information and ingenuity is brought to life

Question 7

Bathelt et al 2004

Answer 7

None of these pipelines are worth it if there is not a good system in place and gate keepers.

Question 8

Temporary bounded

Answer 8

Trade fairs

Question 9

Power and Jansson 2008

Answer 9

Trade fairs aren’t isolated, there are part of the global economy they are cyclical clusters

Question 10

Dispersed clusters

Answer 10

Conventions

Question 11

Spatially bounded

Answer 11

Festival

Question 12

Socially bounded

Answer 12

Disney (entrance fee)

Question 13

Florida 2004

Answer 13

Detroit 2009
Creative class
Tolerance 
Talent
Technology

Question 14

Harvey 1989

Answer 14

‘The city has to appear as an innovative, exciting, creative and safe place to live and visit’
People use these spaces for belonging and socially better

Question 15

Glass 1964

Answer 15

Gentrification

Question 16

Slater 2011

Answer 16

Strategic disinvestment

Question 17

Zukin 1998

Answer 17

People argue that the artists ar the shock troops of gentrification

Question 18

Butler 1997 2007

Answer 18

Clas is the main thruster for gentrification

Question 19

Commodification of culture

Answer 19

Pine and Gilmore 1999

O’dell 2005