Economic Gulf

Question 1

Factors in essay

Answer 1

• Problems with tariff argued by Farmer
• Modernisation argued by Charles and Mary Beard
• Slavery argued by Farmer

Question 2

Background knowledge for intro

Answer 2

-1850s - country of sections due to different laws in free north and slave south
- states separated due to Mason-Dixon Line 1767
- many aspects that north and south didn’t agree on, making them more successful in economic areas than others.

Question 3

Problems With Tariff
KU/A/A+

Answer 3

KU - Economic differences led to arguments to do with tariff. Southerners argued tariff benefited Northern industries more.
A - Relied on North to finance production of goods and transport them. Money is what fuelled South - resulting in increasing tension.
A+ - Dispute slightly resolved from Compromise of the tariff 1833 as Carolina threatened to secede. Compromise gradually lowered tariff over 10 years - average dropped by 1.47%.

Question 4

Problems With Tariff Historian

Answer 4

Farmer - “Inevitably much of the profits from “King Cotton” ended up in Yankee pockets.”

Question 5

Modernisation
KU/A/A+

Answer 5

KU - North industrialising faster - relied on machinery. South more agricultural growing produce such as tobacco, sugar and cotton. Cotton sales made 1/2 of USA’s total exports.
A - North benefited much more from cotton than the South leading to arguments to do with tariff. Also argued competition from competitors like Egypt would result in falling world prices - effecting economy.

KU - 1860 1/6 Northern inhabitants foreign born compared to 1/30 Southerners.
A - North started modernising faster by welcoming foreigners - making them more responsive to new ideas of income from different cultures.
A+ - Many immigrants were illiterate - only accessing blue collar jobs.

Question 6

Modernisation Historian

Answer 6

Charles and Mary Beard - argued that the sections were divided into an agricultural South and an industrial North.

Question 7

Slavery
KU/A/A+

Answer 7

KU - North climate not as suited for plantation agriculture. Due to extremely high demand for ‘King Cotton’ slaves were used. Larger plantation had around 5-50 slaves, estimated 4M slaves in South by 1860.
A+ - 1808 US banned slave trade in Africa. Number of slaves couldn’t continue to increase.

KU - South wanted expansion of slavery - North wanted nothing of the sort. Major reason for increasing tension and sectionalism
H -

KU - Abolitionist Garrison - ‘The Liberator’. Advocated for immediate emancipation. Unpopular view as a fear slaves would travel North and and take jobs for lesser pay. Southerners against the encouragement.

Question 8

Slavery Historian

Answer 8

Farmer - “The main difference between the sections, and the main reason for the growth of sectionalism, was slavery.”