Economic Geography Flashcards
Economic geography is the
sub-discipline of human geography
economic geography is focused on
- economic patterns across space and time
- spatial variations of economic activities
identifying patterns, consistencies, and generalizations that will assist in understanding economic patterns
economic geography
involves harvesting resources directly from the land/water without modification
primary activities
examples of primary activities
farming, fishing, forestry and mining
involve creating something new by converting primary resources into higher valued goods
secondary activites
involves moving, selling and trading goods produced at first 2 levels, as well as professional and financial services
tertiary activities
examples of tertiary activities
banking, investment
involves information processing and intellectual services
Quaternary activities
movement of people, ideas, and commodities within and between area
spatial interaction
places that are _____ are more attractrive
nearer and larger
the bigger things are the
more frequently they are reacted with
if places are closer together =
higher interaction
distance produces predictable
patterns of activity
is dependent upon distance
accessibility
intensity of interaction
declines away from most accessible areas
the greater the distance =
less interaction
improvements in transport technologies and communications have the effect of bringing places “closer” together
space-time convergence
makes things seem closer than they are
space-time convergence
used to describe the system of mass production and mass consumption
Fordism
Henry Ford is an example of
internationalization of industry
products with multiple uses, or that are adaptable to be used as components for different types of products
flexible production or “flexible manufacturing”
gives you the allusion of choice
flexible production
where you simply get the products you need
lean production
- use of information technologies in machines and operations
- rapid switching from one type of product or style to another to meet consumer demand
flexible production systems
revamping its aging lineup of mass-volume cars with vehicles geared towards specific consumer tastes
product-led recovery
increased subcontracting + increased global dependencies =
decreased risk
sub-contracting relationships to multiple suppliers as a risk diversion strategy is an example of
dual sourcing
we still need warehouses for
outsourcing/dual sourcing
serve as a supply source of automobile parts
intermediate warehouses
products flow from
manufacturer–> intermediate warehouse–> assembler
stages of the ______ are completed exactly when needed
manufacturing process
companies based in one country that do business with one or more other countries
multi-national corporations
companies that operate factories in countries other than the country of origin
trans-national corporations
factories migrate based on
industry change and local to regional conditions
what happens at one scale is not independent of what happens at other scales
global-local continuum
3 geographic divisons
- increased demand for high-tech products
- the rise of “techno-poles” in the core economies
- innovation centers are typically far from the old manufacturing region
innovation centers are typically at considerable geographic distance from old manufacturing regions marks the
sharp contrast between the snow and sun belt
world industrial region
agglomeration economies
locations centered around high-tech manufacturing and information processing
techno-poles
gained when countries focus on manufacturing and exporting the goods they produce at the lowest relative cost
relative advanatage
International labour migration
majority of labour flows from low wage economies to more developed, high wage economies
Export-led Industrialization
moves work to the workers
develop subsidiary plants or subcontract parts manufacturing to areas such as Malaysia and Taiwan
Export-led industrialization
- significant industrial growth in less developed countries
- heavy manufacturing and processing industries
- creating particular patterns on the geographical landscape
Export-led industrialization
limited geographical areas where special advantages attract investors
export processing zones (EPZs)
industrial zones with special incentives
export processing zones
constitutes a free trade enclave in the customs and trade regime of the country
delineated industrial estate
produce mainly for the export, and benefit from certain taxes and financials
foreign manufacture firms
6 reasons EPZ’s are created
- creates jobs and raises standards of living
- transferring new skills and expertise
- boost non-traditional exports and export sectors
- increasing foreign exchange earnings
- intro to new technology
- kick start the economy as a whole
are forbidden by law in EPZs
labour unions
minimum wage for appretice/trainee, unskilled, semi-skilled and, skilled
- $22
- $38
- $45
- $63
working hours for 1. factory 2. office
- 48 hours/week
2. 39 hours/week
7 key feature of EPZs (lx2 tinds)
- low wages
- labour intensive production
- import provisions for goods used in manufacturing
- tax holidays
- no foreign exchange control
- duty-free export
- subsidized factories and warehouses
EPZs are primarily located where, and why
coastal locations because of shipments (need bodies of water for ships)
space might matter ____ but place _____
less
still matters