economic geography Flashcards
what is the brandt line?
a line that divided the planet into the rich north and the poor south
is the brandt line still used?
no
when was the united nations established?
1945
what 3 things does HDI measure?
average life expectancy, level of education, income for each country
if a country is more developed are they closer to 0 or 1 on the HDI measurement scale?
1
what does the demographic transition model measure?
how population changes over time
why is birth rate a good measure of development?
it’s a good indicator of social progress
do developed countries have a high or low birth rate?
low
what is a disadvantage or using birth rate to measure development?
children policies can be changed by the government eg china
what is an ada vantage of using death rate to measure development?
shows how good a country’s healthcare system is
what is a disadvantage of using death rate to measure development?
very rich countries usually have many elderly people so death rate can be higher than expected
what is a disadvantage of using GNI per capita to measure development?
only shows economic development and shows nothing about standard of living
why is HDI a good measure of development?
takes social and economic factors into account
how can a hostile or difficult environment affect development?
very hot arid climates with a lack of water can make it difficult to grow enough food
how can economic factors like debt affect development?
if countries have to pay lots of money in interest or repayments there is often very little left over for development projects
why can history affect development?
over the course of history countries that took over and colonised other countries used their recourses to grow their own economies
what is a health consequence of uneven development especially in LICs?
many people can’t access clean, safe water
what is the multiplier effect if people can’t access clean water?
the sanitation is worse and therefore there are higher rates of disease = lower life expectancy
why does migration increase due to uneven development?
a result of push/pull factors
what is foreign investment?
large companies can locate part of their business in other countries which helps the country to develop as the companies can build factories and lay roads etc
what is aid?
when one or more countries give money to other countries to be spent on things to benefit the population
what is intermediate technology?
using techniques and equipment that are suitable for LICs and NEEs as they don’t have the skills to maintain expensive equipment
what is fairtrade?
paying producers a reasonable price for the goods they produce which gives farmers a better chance at life
what is debt relief?
as many LICs owe money to other countries there is little money left over for development projects, so debt relief is when debt is either reorganised or reduced
