Economic And Social Changes 1928-39

Question 0

What is collectivisation ?

Answer 0

Peasants having to give up tier small plots of land and animals and pool them with those of other families in order to make a farm large enough for machines .

Question 1

Why did Stalin decide to modernise soviet agriculture ?

Answer 1

Fear of invasion ( allow control of army )
Disappointing output (industrial)
Communist principles ( sharing wealth )
Leadership (keeping power)

Question 2

What is the grain crisis of 1927 ?

Answer 2

Farmers not producing enough grain for those in the cities , peasants wary of that their produce would be bought for a low price

Question 3

Why did Stalin decide on collectivisation ?

Answer 3

1 grain crisis

2 industrialisation

Question 4

What were the needs of industrialisation ?

Answer 4

If the 5 year plan was to be successful agriculture had to be modernised . Mechanisation was key because it would allow peasants would be able to work in the cities . This means that fewer peasants would have to be farmers . Stalin wanted more people to make machinery

Question 5

What was a Sovkhoz

Answer 5

Usually made from old estates, all land owned by the state and all produce aswell, usually around 3,600 hectares and had it’s own tractors, peasants were paid labourers and referred to as workers

Described as a “Factory without a roof”

Question 6

What was an MTS?

Answer 6

.A Machine Tractor Station
.One for every 40 Kolkhoz
.By 1933 there were 2900 MTS with over 120,000 tractors
.Secret police were employed in some of the first MTS increasing Stalin’s political control

Question 7

What was a Kolkhoz

Answer 7

.A collective farm, controlled by a communist chairman,
.Made of around 80 families and 500 hectares of land,
.In 1940 there were around 240,000 kolkhoz,
.Fixed amount of food given to state at low prices as well as a small wage,
. The state provided farms with tractors and machines

Question 8

What was Collectivisation

Answer 8

The controlling of farming by the state, pooling peasants to work on collectivised farms, moving farmers off individual plots,
This was because Stalin wanted to utilise machinery to create surplus food

Question 9

What drove Stalin to improve agriculture?

Answer 9

civil war
.Soviet industry was in a poor state
.By creating a strong central agricultural system he hoped to create a strong communist state that controlled the economy
.It would allow Stalin to remove right wing members of the communist party

Question 10

Mechanisation of farming

Soviet grain exports 1929-32
Millions of tonnes

Answer 10

1928- 0.18
1930- 4.76
1931- 5.06
1932- 1.73