Economic Activity and energy Flashcards
What is the primary sector?
The sector where people extract raw materials from the land and sea, such as farming, fishing, and mining.
What is the secondary sector?
The sector where people manufacture or build products using raw materials, such as construction and factory work.
What is the tertiary sector?
The sector that provides services to people and businesses, such as teachers, chefs, and bankers.
What is the quaternary sector?
The sector that provides specialized knowledge and expertise, such as IT specialists, researchers, and scientists.
How does employment structure change as a country develops?
More jobs shift from the primary to secondary and then to tertiary and quaternary sectors as economies grow.
What factors influence the location of industries?
Raw materials, energy supply, transport, market access, labor supply, government policies, and site availability.
What is the industrial system?
It consists of inputs (raw materials, energy, labor), processes (manufacturing), outputs (products, waste), and feedback (profits, reinvestment).
What is the Clark-Fisher Model?
A model that explains how the importance of economic sectors changes as a country develops.
What are the main causes of informal employment?
Rural-urban migration, lack of formal job opportunities, and the need for survival income.
What are the characteristics of informal employment?
No contracts, low wages, lack of job security, no benefits, and often unregulated.
What is globalization?
The increasing interconnection of economies, cultures, and businesses across the world.
What is the meaning of ‘energy security’?
The ability of a country to reliably access and sustain its energy needs.
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy?
Renewable energy comes from sources that are replenishable (e.g., solar, wind), while non-renewable energy is finite (e.g., coal, oil).
What are some examples of renewable energy sources?
Solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass, and tidal energy.
What are some examples of non-renewable energy sources?
Coal, oil, natural gas, peat, and nuclear power (though uranium is limited).
What are the advantages of fossil fuels?
High energy output, established infrastructure, and reliable supply.
What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?
Non-renewable, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental degradation.
What are the advantages of wind power?
Renewable, no greenhouse gases, and low operating costs.
What are the disadvantages of wind power?
Unreliable (needs wind), noisy, and can be visually unappealing.
What are the advantages of hydroelectric power?
Renewable, no pollution, and reliable energy production.
What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power?
Expensive to build, disrupts ecosystems, and limited suitable locations.
What are the main factors increasing global energy demand?
Population growth, industrialization, technological advances, and economic development.
What is sustainable energy?
Energy that meets present needs without compromising future generations’ ability to meet their needs.
What are three strategies for sustainable energy use?
Increasing energy efficiency, investing in renewables, and reducing overall consumption.
