Econ growth and sust develop 2023 presentation Flashcards
What is the environmental Kuznets Curve ?
as countries develop
economically, moving from lower to higher levels of per
capita income, overall levels of environmental degradation
will eventually fall.
If the EKC hypothesis hold generally, it would imply that
instead of being a threat to the environment as is often
argued, economic growth will be a means to environmental
improvement.
what dies the Kuznets curve say about countries at higher levels of development?
- structural change towards information-intensive
industries and services, - coupled with increased environmental awareness,
enforcement of environmental regulations, - better technology, and
- higher environmental expenditures,
- result in gradual decline of environmental
degradation.
Empirical status of the EKC hypothesis
If economic growth is generally good for the environment, then it would seem that there is no need to curtail growth in the world economy in order to protect the global environment.
What can sustainable development eradicate?
poverty
How did they prove the EKC?
The results in the literature are took as supporting the
EKC for some local and regional impacts, but not for
global impacts, such as carbon dioxide for example.
How many people still now live in conditions such
that basic material needs are not satisfied?
821 Million before covid
percentage of people living with less than 1,9 dollars a day
around 11% of the population
How did we think we could eradicate poverty before the 1970s
it was thought that the eradication of poverty
required well-designed development programs that were largely independent of considerations relating to the natural environment
perspectives on the eradications of poverty after the 1970s
While the pursuit of economic growth and development continues, it is recognized that the maintenance of growth has an important environmental dimension.
when was sustainable development put on political agendas?
1987 by Our Common Future,
often referred to as The Brundtland Report
how does the brundtland report define sustainable development?
seeks to meet the needs and aspirations of
the present without compromising the ability
to meet those of the future”.
another definition of sustainable development
“ A requirement to our generation to manage the
resource base such that the average quality of life we ensure ourselves can potentially be share by all future generations”
what are two common features of these of sustainable development?
fairness across generations
fairness within generations
The opportunity approiach to an economic definition of sustainable development
“Resources” are the means to society to generate well being or
consumption.
man made capital in economic terms
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