ecomms Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Components

A

a transmitter, a communication channel (medium), and a receiver.

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2
Q

is an interference that degrades the transmitted
information.

A

noise

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3
Q

Converts the message into an electronic signal suitable for transmission.

A

transmitter

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4
Q

Electrical Conductors

A

Includes wires, coaxial cables, and twisted-pair cables.

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5
Q

Fiber-optic cables carry messages using light waves, commonly
used for long-distance communication.

A

Optical Media

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6
Q

nterferes with the communication process and is a significant issue in
receivers.

A

Noise

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7
Q

FreeSpace

A

Radio (wireless communication) uses the electromagnetic spectrum
to transmit signals through electric and magnetic fields.

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8
Q

Other Media

A

Includes sonar (using water), the earth itself, and AC power lines
(carrier current transmission or power line communications)

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9
Q

Receiver

A

Converts the transmitted signal back into a human-understandable form.

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10
Q

Signal degradation occurs over distance and is proportional to the square
of the distance.

A

Attenuation:

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11
Q

Transceivers:

A

These are devices that can both transmit and receive signals, commonly
found in phones, radios, and modems.

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12
Q

Two-way communication where both parties can transmit and
receive simultaneously, such as in telephone conversations.

A

Full Duplex

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13
Q

are continuously varying voltages or currents

A

Analog Signals

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14
Q

ASCII

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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15
Q

Two-way communication where transmission is alternated between
parties.

A

Half Duplex:

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16
Q

are the original information signals, whether analog
or digital.

A

Baseband Transmission

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17
Q

change in discrete steps or increments and typically
use binary (two-state) codes.

A

Digital Signals

18
Q

Allows multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a
single communication medium, increasing efficiency

A

Multiplexing

19
Q

Digital Modulation Techniques:

A

Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK): Phase-Shift Keying (PSK)

20
Q

A technique that makes information signals compatible with the
transmission medium by modifying a carrier signal with the baseband signal

A

Modulation

21
Q

The process at the receiver end to extract the original baseband
signal from the modulated carrier signal.

A

Demodulation:

22
Q

The baseband signal varies the amplitude of the
carrier signal.

A

Amplitude Modulation (AM)

23
Q

The baseband signal varies the phase angle of the
carrier signal

A

Phase Modulation (PM)

24
Q

Involves modifying a carrier signal using the baseband signal to
create a broadband signal for transmission.

A

Modulation Process

25
Q

The baseband signal varies the frequency of the
carrier signal

A

Frequency Modulation (FM)

26
Q

Signals are sampled sequentially, and
pieces of each are transmitted in turn, allowing reconstruction at the receiving
end.

A

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM):

27
Q

Each signal modulates a subcarrier at
a different frequency, and all are combined for transmission.

A

Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)

28
Q

Signals are converted to digital data,
uniquely coded, and transmitted simultaneously on the same frequency. Unique
codes are used at the receiver to select the desired signal

A

Code-Division Multiplexing (CDM)

29
Q

located above the millimeter-wave region, includes infrared,
visible, and ultraviolet light

A

The Optical Spectrum

30
Q

are essential for ensuring compatibility between different
communication systems.

A

Standards

31
Q

Higher frequencies allow for more channels and wider
bandwidths for signals like TV broadcasts, which require a 6 MHz bandwidth

A

Spectrum Utilization

32
Q

When information is modulated onto a carrier frequency, the
signal occupies a certain portion of the spectrum around that carrier frequency,
including sidebands generated by modulation.

A

Channel Bandwidth

33
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum is a finite resource. To manage
it effectively, governments set up agencies to control its use.

A

Spectrum Management

34
Q

300-3000 MHz, used in TV, mobile phones, and
radar.

A

Ultrahigh Frequencies (UHFs)

35
Q

refers to the range of frequencies within the
electromagnetic spectrum that a signal occupies.

A

Bandwidth

36
Q

(NTC)

A

National Telecommunications Commission

37
Q

(DICT)

A

Department of Information and Communications Technology

38
Q

Challenges

A

Infrastructure Gaps:
Service Quality:
Regulatory Hurdles
Digital Divide:

39
Q

Future Outlook

A

Infrastructure Development:
Increased Competition
Digital Transformation

40
Q

Electronic communication is integral to modern life, with a variety of applications that
most people are already familiar with, such as telephones

A

Communication Applications