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ESS > Ecology unit > Flashcards

Ecology unit Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic factor

A

A non-living, physical factor that may influence an organism or ecosystem

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2
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of interdependent organisms and the physical environment they inhabit.

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3
Q

1st law thermodynamics

A

Energy (J) can neither be created nor destroyed.

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4
Q

Primary consumer

A

Herbivore (grasshopper, zooplankton)

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5
Q

Secondary consumer

A

Carnivores/omnivores/insectivores (rat, dragonfly)

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6
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

apex predator

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7
Q

Decomposer

A

(bacteria, fungi)

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8
Q

Food chain

A

Shows the sequence of organisms in a habitat that are dependent on the one before it for food

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9
Q

Food web

A

All the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.

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10
Q

Biotic factor

A

A living, biological factor that may influence an organism or ecosystem

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11
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of species that can be sustainably supported by a given environment.

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12
Q

Community

A

A group of populations living and interacting with each other in a common habitat

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13
Q

Habitat

A

The environment in which a species normally lives

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14
Q

Mutalism

A

A relationship between individuals of two or more species in which all benefit and none suffer

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15
Q

Niche

A

A species share of habitat and the resources in it. An organisms’s ecological niche depends not only on where it lives but also on what it does

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16
Q

Realized niche

A

Where it does live without being outcompeted

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17
Q

Fundamental niche

A

Where it could live despite limiting factors

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18
Q

Parasitism

A

A relationship between two species in which one species (parasite) lives in or on another (host), gaining all or much of its food from it

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19
Q

Population

A

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time, and which are capable of interbreeding

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20
Q

Society

A

An arbitrary group of individuals who share some common characteristic such as geographical location, cultural background, historical timeframe, religious perspective, value system, etc

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21
Q

Competition

A

When resources are limiting, populations compete to survive.

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22
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

within a species

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23
Q

Interspecific competition

A

within a different species

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24
Q

Herbivory

A

Interaction where an animal feeds on a plant

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25
Q

Density dependent

A

Biotic limiting factors that take effect as pop size increases (competition, predation)

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26
Q

Density independent

A

Abiotic limiting factors that take effect regardless of pop size (weather)

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27
Q

S-curve

A

population stabilizes despite limiting factors (equilibrium)

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28
Q

J-curve

A

exponential growth with sudden and rapid decrease

29
Q

Below photic zone

A

upper 200m

30
Q

Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

31
Q

Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

32
Q

Entropy

A

Measure of disorder of a system. Increase energy = decrease entropy

33
Q

2nd law thermodynamics

A

The inefficiency and decrease in available
energy along a food chain

34
Q

Biomass

A

The total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area (Jm^-2)

35
Q

Producer

A

Autotroph (algae, phytoplankton)

36
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

the population in terms of individual organisms in each level

37
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

Shows biomass of organisms

38
Q

Pyramid of productivity

A

Production or turnover of biomass at each level

39
Q

10% energy available

A

Not all food source eaten & 2nd law thermodynamics

40
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

The buildup of toxins within one organism or trophic level (clover, snail, thrush, sparrowhawk)

41
Q

Biomagnification

A

The increased concentration of toxins at higher trophic levels (Minamata Bay)

42
Q

Vulnerability of apex predators

A

competition for mates & prey

43
Q

Productivity calculation

A

Input-output

44
Q

Biomass

A

The mass of biological/organic matter

45
Q

Productivity

A

Production of biomass per unit area per unit time

46
Q

Gross Primary Productivity

A

GPP

47
Q

Net Primary Productivity

A

NPP

48
Q

Gross Secondary Productivity

A

GSP

49
Q

Net Secondary Productivity

A

NSP

50
Q

N1

A

Nitrogen Fixation

51
Q

N2

A

Amonia oxidation

52
Q

N3

A

Nitrate oxidation

53
Q

N4/2

A

Annamox

54
Q

N5

A

Denitrifcation

55
Q

Nitrogen Fixation?

A

Process converting N2 gas into useable form

56
Q

NH2

A

Gas form

57
Q

N03

A

Useable form (oxidized nitrate) in fertilizer

58
Q

Ammonia

A

NO2-

59
Q

Ammonification?

A

Decay

60
Q

Denitrification?

A

Anaerobic process in anoxic zones

61
Q

Anammox?

A

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation

62
Q

Ammax

A

bacteria

63
Q

Inorganic (n cycle)

A

Ammonia, nitrate

64
Q

Organic (n cycle)

A

Amino & nucleic acids

65
Q

% nitrate in atmosphere

A

78

66
Q

How do humans obtain N?

A

Consumption

67
Q

How do plants obtain N?

A

Soil that has ammax

68
Q

Hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

Soil & plants absorb NO3 or plants host bacteria

ESS (1 decks)

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