Ecology Review

Question 1

Biomass

Answer 1

Primary productivity reflected as dry weight of organic material

Question 2

Secondary Productivity

Answer 2

Rate at which organisms convert chemical energy from food into own new biomass (10% efficiency)

Question 3

Gause’s Principle

Answer 3

Two species can not exist in the same niche, one will outcompete the other which will either go extinct or adapt (character displacement and resource partitioning???)

Question 4

Batesian Mimicry

Answer 4

Harmless copies dangerous

Question 5

Mullerian Mimicry

Answer 5

Two dangerous resemble each other

Question 6

Aposematic coloration

Answer 6

Use bright colors to warn that they’re poisonous, unpalatable, etc.

Question 7

Counter shading

Answer 7

Parts in shadow are light parts in light are dark. (Why????)

Question 8

Ecology

Answer 8

Study of interactions between organisms and environment

Question 9

Dissolved oxygen

Answer 9

Amount of oxygen present in water- indication of health of water
Low flow or high bacteria means low DO

Question 10

Stages of logistic growth

Answer 10

Initial lag, exponential, leveling

Question 11

Character displacement

Answer 11

Competition leads to adaptations that would not have occurred otherwise as they would not have been necessary, evolve to decrease competition

Question 12

6 terrestrial biomes

Answer 12

TRF, tundra, coniferous forest (taiga), deciduous forest, grassland, desert

Question 13

Factors that distinguish between biomes

Answer 13

Land: temp, water, soil
Water: fresh or salt (meet point is estuary)
Marine: Depth, contact with coast

Question 14

Intertidal/NEURETIC

Answer 14

Highly photic, contact with coast

Question 15

Open sea/OCEANIC

Answer 15

Photic, no contact with coast

Question 16

Open sea/PELAGIC

Answer 16

Non photic, no contact with land

Question 17

Deep sea/BENTHIC

Answer 17

Non photic, cold temps and high pressure

Question 18

Decomposer vs. Detritivore

Answer 18

Dec: smaller, not on pyramid
Det: larger, on pyramid as SC
BOTH: heterotrophs eating dead organic matter

Question 19

Three pyramids for food chain

Answer 19

1. Energy/productivity
2. Biomass
3. Numbers

Question 20

Demography

Answer 20

Factors that affect growth and decline of population

Question 21

Nitrogen Fixations

Answer 21

Nitrogen fixing bacteria make N2 into usable NH4

Question 22

Ammonifications

Answer 22

While breaking down organic matter, decomposers produce NH4

Question 23

Nitrification

Answer 23

Bacteria make NH4 into NO2- (nitrite) and NO3- (nitrate)

Question 24

Assimilation

Answer 24

Use of NO2- and NO3- by producers

Question 25

Denitrification

Answer 25

Denitrifying bacteria turn NO3- (nitrate) back into N2 and release it

Question 26

Determine population size (3)

Answer 26

1. Random sampling
2. Point intercept
3. Mark and recapture (Lincoln method)

Question 27

Primary productivity

Answer 27

Amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by primary producers
GrossPP-respiration=NetPP (available for use)