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General Biology > Ecology Exam (4) > Flashcards

Ecology Exam (4) Flashcards

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1
Q

which inter-species interaction is beneficial to both organisms?

A

mutualism

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2
Q

______ is a species that has a disproportionate effect on its environment?

A

Keystone species

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3
Q

______ are constraints that cap the size of a population

A

limiting factors

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4
Q

What are all the biotic and abiotic components in a particular area called?

A

An ecosystem

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5
Q

_____ is where the size of a population grows rapidly until it nears the carrying capacity

A

logistic growth

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6
Q

_____ is the succession where plants and animals recolonize a habitat after a major disturbance

A

secondary succession

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7
Q

____ is simply the number of species in a community

A

species richness

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8
Q

a group of same-species individuals in the same place at the same time

A

Population

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9
Q

Which ecology focuses on interactions between species?

A

Community ecology

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10
Q

______ are warm, fairly dry climates that primarily contain grasses with scattered trees.

A

savannas

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11
Q

Bees and flowers are an example of which interspecies interaction?

A

mutualism

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12
Q

Which level of ecology is concerned with energy flow and chemical cycling?

A

Ecosystem ecology

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13
Q

_____ are gaseous chemicals that capture and hold heat in the atmosphere.

A

greenhouse gases

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14
Q

___ species help hold their system together.

A

keystone

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15
Q

Trees growing taller for sunlight is an example of which interspecies interaction?

A

competition

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16
Q

______ occurs when the population size of each new generation is a multiple of the previous generation.

A

exponential growth

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17
Q

Changes in bodily function in response to change in the environment are considered what type of response?

A

Physiological

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18
Q

which inter-species interaction is harmful for plants? (still a form of predation)

A

herbivory

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19
Q

which inter-species interaction is beneficial to one organism and doesn’t affect the other?

A

commensalism

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20
Q

_____ is a philosophy/movement that seeks to maintain environmental quality

A

Environmentalism

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21
Q

______ have very low rainfall and can be hot or cold.

A

deserts

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22
Q

Populations vary in ___, ___, ___, and ___?

A
  1. density
  2. dispersion
  3. age structure
  4. survivorship curves
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23
Q

_____ and _____ flow through the biosphere.

A

energy and elements

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24
Q

____ is where aquatic and terrestrial biomes meet.

A

wetlands

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25
Q

What are 3 major examples of biogeochemical cycles?

A
  1. carbon cycle
  2. nitrogen cycle
  3. water cycle
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26
Q

____ is the process by which the mix of species and habitat changes over time

A

ecological succession

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27
Q

____ species typically thrive because of no natural predators?

A

invasive species

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28
Q

which inter-species interaction consists of an organism receiving nutrients from another organism?

A

parasitism

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29
Q

Which biome is found in the northernmost and southernmost parts of the world?

A

Polar ice

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30
Q

What is the most important abiotic factor in any environment?

A

Energy

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31
Q

_____ are the transition between freshwater rivers and the ocean.

A

estuaries

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32
Q

which inter-species interaction is mutually harmful?

A

competition

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33
Q

_____ are flowing bodies of freshwater.

A

rivers & streams

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34
Q

____ is the feeding relationships within a community.

A

trophic structure

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35
Q

Competition is a(n) ____ factor?

A

biotic

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36
Q

True or False: Coral reefs are found below the continental shelf?

A

False. Coral reefs are found ABOVE the continental shelf.

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37
Q

Sweating in response to heat is what type of categorical response?

A

Physiological response

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38
Q

Predation is a(n) ___ factor?

A

biotic

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39
Q

____ forests occur in wet, warm climates near the equator.

A

tropical forests

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40
Q

exponential growth is not sustainable because of _______.

A

limiting factors

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41
Q

Which succession occurs in an environment without previous life (aka, a barren habitat)?

A

primary succession

42
Q

_______ biomes form where freshwater meets the ocean.

A

intermediate biomes

43
Q

Levels of Ecology (Largest to Smallest)

A

Global, Ecosystem, Community, Population, and Organismal.

44
Q

____ are species introduced to an environment that interrupt the natural competition.

A

invasive species

45
Q

an individual living being

A

An organism

46
Q

____ is the total amount of living material in an ecosystem.

A

biomass

47
Q

What are the two types of limiting factors?

A
  1. density-DEPENDENT factors
  2. density-INDEPENDENT factors
48
Q

The ___ zone includes water where light levels are too low for photosynthesis to take place.

A

Aphotic zone

49
Q

The fields of ecology and evolutionary biology are ___?

A

intertwined

50
Q

_____ is the maximum population size possible in a given environment.

A

carrying capacity

51
Q

What is another name for the global ecosystem?

A

Biosphere

52
Q

Temperature is a(n) ___ factor?

A

abiotic

53
Q

which inter-species interaction is deadly for one organism and beneficial to another?

A

predation

54
Q

What are the three types of dispersion patters?

A
  1. clumped dispersion
  2. uniform dispersion
  3. random dispersion
55
Q

Burning fossil fuels releases ___ back into the atmosphere?

A

carbon

56
Q

What are all of the populations within a particular area called?

A

A community

57
Q

___ are organisms that break down non-living matter

A

decomposers

58
Q

The ___ zone includes waters where light levels are high enough for photosynthesis.

A

Photic zone

59
Q

_____ biomes are defined by their abiotic factors, primarily salinity

A

aquatic biomes

60
Q

_____ is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition.

A

ecological niche

61
Q

Competition, disease, and predation are all examples of which type of limiting factor?

A

density-dependent factors

62
Q

_____ is how an organism uses resources in an environment

A

niche

63
Q

Weather, pollutants, and natural disasters are all examples of which type of limiting factor?

A

density-independent factors

64
Q

______ forests occur in regions of hot summers, cold winters, and relatively frequent rain.

A

temperate broadleaf forests

65
Q

____ is the tendency of toxins to become concentrated as they pass through a food chain.

A

biological magnification

66
Q

Getting into the water to deal with overheating is what type of categorical response?

A

Behavioral response

67
Q

pH is a(n) ___ factor?

A

Abiotic

68
Q

_____ biomes are found in coastal regions where ocean currents produce mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers.

A

chaparral

69
Q

_______ are the way individuals are spaced within a habitat.

A

dispersion patterns

70
Q

What are non-living components of an environment called?

A

Abiotic factors

71
Q

What are the two ways environments can be powered?

A

Through chemical energy and solar energy.

72
Q

Altitude is a(n) ___ factor?

A

Abiotic

73
Q

Adaptations fall into what three broad categories?

A
  1. Physiological responses
  2. Anatomical responses
  3. Behavioral responses
74
Q

Which gas has the highest greenhouse effect?
a) Carbon Dioxide
b) Water Vapor
c) Nitrous Oxide
d) Methane

A

d) methane.

75
Q

What focuses on the ways organisms adapt to their environment through physiology and behaviour?

A

Organismal Ecology

76
Q

As energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, most of it is lost as ____?

A

heat

77
Q

Plants growing towards the Sun is an example of what type of categorical response?

A

Anatomical response

78
Q

species diversity includes ___ and ____

A

species richness and relative abundance

79
Q

______ are dominated by cone-bearing evergreens, characterized by cold winters and short, dry summers?

A

coniferous forests

80
Q

Changes in the way one acts in response to changes in the environment are what type of response?

A

Behavioral

81
Q

____ describe the transfer of organic material from one trophic level to the next

A

food chains/webs

82
Q

___ are relationships between species, classified by how they affect each other.

A

inter-species interactions

83
Q

Forest biomes vary by ____

A

latitude

84
Q
A
85
Q

_____ is the number of members of a species per unit of area/volume.

A

density

86
Q

the accumulatio of ______ is the cause of global climate change

A

greenhouse gases

87
Q

________ is the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth’s crust.

A

biogeochemical cycle

88
Q

____ are standing bodies of fresh water.

A

lakes & ponds

89
Q

_____ is the measure of the rate at which solar energy is converted to biomass.

A

primary production

90
Q

What are living components of an environment called?

A

Biotic factors

91
Q

Biomes are largely dependent on ___ & ___.

A

temperature and rainfall

92
Q

______ is a biome found in regions with cold winters, low rainfall, and periodic drought.

A

temperate grasslands

93
Q

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environments.

A

Ecology

94
Q

Changes in body shape or structure in response to changes in the environment are what type of response?

A

Anatomical

95
Q

_____ is the chance an individual will live to a particular age.

A

survivorship

96
Q

Sucker fish attaching to sharks is an example of which interspecies interaction?

A

commensalism

97
Q

Which biome is characterized by dryness, bitter-cold temperatures, high winds, and permafrost?

A

tundra

98
Q

Which level of ecology studies interactions between Earth’s ecosystems, land, atmosphere, and oceans?

A

Global ecology

99
Q

Rainfall is a(n) ____ factor?

A

abiotic

100
Q

______ refers to the evenness of distribution of individuals among species in a community.

A

relative abundance

101
Q

which interspecies interaction’s existence is still actively debated?

A

commensalism

102
Q

______ zones are sandy or rocky habitat that is pounded by the surf.

A

intertidal zones

General Biology (2 decks)

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