Ecology + Evolution

Question 1

Global pattern of biodiversity

Answer 1

species diversity follows a regular pattern as we move from the equator (more diverse) to the polar regions (less diverse)

Question 2

Global pattern of energy

Answer 2

Global energy supply and consumption is not evenly distributed. Some places have an energy surplus , whereas others have an energy deficit.

Question 3

Global pattern of climate

Answer 3

The long-term distribution of heat and precipitation on Earth’s surface. Near the equater it is wet and warm while by the poles it is dry and cold

Question 4

abiotic and biotic factors w competition

Answer 4

in an area animals compete for food and other biotic resources or even abiotic faactors such as shelter etc

Question 5

habitat

Answer 5

place where an organism or a community of organisms lives, including all living and nonliving factors or conditions of the surrounding environment.

Question 6

niche

Answer 6

The role or function of an organism or species in an ecosystem.

Question 7

birth potential

Answer 7

Biotic potential is the highest possible vital index of a species; therefore, when the species has its highest birthrate and lowest mortality rate.

Question 8

capacity for survival

Answer 8

The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.

Question 9

breeding frequency

Answer 9

Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population

Question 10

density dependant

Answer 10

Typically, density dependent factors are biological factors used by the population as a resource. These can be things like food, shelter, or other limited resources. Density dependent factors cause variable changes in the population as its density changes.

Question 11

density independant

Answer 11

Any factor limiting the size of a population whose effect is not dependent on the number of individuals in the population.

Question 12

taxonomy

Answer 12

used for 1.identifying organisms
2. providing a basis for recognizing natural
groupings of living things
-there are seven major levels of classification: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

Question 13

binomial nomdenclature

Answer 13

formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts 1st genus 2nd identifies the species within the genus

Question 14

evidence for evolution

Answer 14

1. Fossil records
2. Geographic distribution of species
3. Comparative anatomy and embryology
4. Behaviour (courtship, tool use etc)
5. Plant & animal breeding (artificial selection)
6. Biochemistry
7. Genetics

Question 15

Lamarck vs Darwin theories

Answer 15

Darwin’s theory, known as natural selection, believed that organisms possessed variation (each individual was slightly different from one another), and these variations led to some being more likely to survive and reproduce than others.

Lamarck’s theory of evolution was based around how organisms change during their lifetime, and then pass these changes onto their offspring.

Question 16

speciation

Answer 16

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Question 17

natural selection

Answer 17

Natural selection is the process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to reproduce and survive

Question 18

gradualism vs puncuated equilibrium

Answer 18

gradualism- The theory that new species evolve from existing species through gradual changes/ small changes over long periods of time

puncuated equilibrium- is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once a species appears in the fossil record the population will become stable, showing little evolutionary change

Question 19

Laws of thermodynamics

Answer 19

first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed
2nd law- with the trnasfer od energy some is lost as heat