Ecology Ch. 10

Question 1

John Forbes Nash, Jr.

Answer 1

1928-2015; American mathematician whose work gave insight into forces that govern chance and events in complex systems in daily life; served as Senior Research Mathematician at Princeton; shared 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Reinhard Selton and John Harsanyi; subject in A Beautiful Mind

Question 2

John Maynard-Smith

Answer 2

1990-2004; British theoretiacl evolutionary biologist and geneticist; aeronautical engineer in WWII; came up with evolutionary stable strategy; wrote a book in 1982 called Evolution and the Theory of Games; Hawk-Dove game is his most influential game theoretical model; elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1977; awarded Darwin Medal in 1986

Question 3

Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS)

Answer 3

A genetically distinctive set of rules for behavior that when adopted by a certain proportion of the population cannot be replaced by any alternative strategy

Question 4

Ideal Free Distribution (IFD)

Answer 4

The distribution of individuals in space that are free to choose where to go in ways that could maximize their fitness

Question 5

Ideal Despotic Distribution (IDD)

Answer 5

The distribution of individuals in space where those that arrive first, or have the highest RHP, take the highest quality territories excluding others

Question 6

Game Theory

Answer 6

An evolutionary approach to the study of adaptive value in which payoffs to individuals associated with one behavioral tactic are dependent upon when the other members of the group are doing

Question 7

The Hawk-Dove Game

Answer 7

A game theory model of aggression with one strategy of escalation until it wins or is injured (Hawk) and another strategy of bluff escalation until it wins or it retreats (Dove)

Question 8

Ecological Trap

Answer 8

In an environment that has been altered suddenly by human activity, an organism makes a maladaptive habitat choice based on formerly reliable environmental cues, despite the availability of higher quality habitat; specific type of evolutionary trap

Question 9

Evolutionary Trap

Answer 9

In an environment that has been altered suddenly by human activities, an organism makes a maladaptive behavioral or life-history choice based on formerly reliable environmental cues, despite the availability of higher quality options