ecology- biodiversity

Question 1

species definition

Answer 1

two organisms are of the same species if they can breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

habitat definition

Answer 2

area where an organism lives

Question 3

biotic definition

Answer 3

living factor that affects organisms

Question 4

abiotic factor

Answer 4

non-living factor that affects organisms

Question 5

population definition

Answer 5

individuals of the same species in the same area

Question 6

community definition

Answer 6

different populations/ species living in the same area

Question 7

ecosystem definition

Answer 7

a community and its interactions with abiotic factors

Question 8

abiotic factor examples

Answer 8

water
sun
temperature

Question 9

biodiversity definition

Answer 9

the variety of all the different species of organisms on earth or within an ecosystem

Question 10

if an ecosystem had more different species, what is it?

Answer 10

more biodiverse

Question 11

interdependence meaning

Answer 11

all things in an ecosystem are interdependent- depend on eachother to survive

Question 12

what does high biodiversity mean

Answer 12

the ecosystem is resistant to change as there’s many different species and less likely for extinction

Question 13

what is species richness

Answer 13

the number of different species in an ecosystem

Question 14

why is species richness a poor way for measuring biodiversity

Answer 14

it doesn’t tell us how many of the same species there are or the area of the ecosystem.

Question 15

what is a more efficient way of measuring biodiversity

Answer 15

index of diversity

Question 16

what does index of diversity show us

Answer 16

the relationship between the number of species in a community and the number of individuals of each species

Question 17

equation for the index of diversity

Answer 17

total number of organisms in an ecosystem x (total number of organisms in an ecosystem -1)
divided by
sum of number of organisms of a specific species x (number of organisms of a specific species -1)

Question 18

examples of human impacts on biodiversity

Answer 18

deforestation
farming/ fishing
pollution
burning fossil fuels
mining

Question 19

how does farming impact biodiversity?

Answer 19

It reduces the number of habitats by cutting down forests to grow crops and reduces food sources

Question 20

how does deforestation impact biodiversity?

Answer 20

Less food sauces and habitats

Question 21

How does pollution impact biodiversity?

Answer 21

animals can get trapped
Landfill takes away habitats
Air pollution

Question 22

How does burning fossil fuels impact biodiversity?

Answer 22

melting ice raises sea levels
Greenhouse gases
Carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation and a reflect back onto the Earth

Question 23

how does mining impact biodiversity?

Answer 23

destroys things underground, such as animals in habitats
Destroys soil which grows plants and directly kills animals

Question 24

why do farmers excessively use fertiliser

Answer 24

it grows plants faster by providing more minerals for crops

Question 25

how does excessive fertiliser use affect biodiversity

Answer 25

leads to eutrophication- fertiliser gets into the water and algae grows faster over the water surface so plants underneath can’t ohotosynthesise to release oxygen as there’s no sunlight, fish can’t get oxygen and so they die

Question 26

why do farmers re farm in the same field annually

Answer 26

so they don’t have to buy more land and is cheaper and saves time

Question 27

how does farmers re farming the same land annually harm biodiversity

Answer 27

reduces minerals in the soil less plant species will grow as soil is less fertile

Question 28

why do farmers introduce non-native predators species to kill pests?

Answer 28

To kill pests to grow more crops and prevent pests from eating the crops Increase yield of crops to get more money

Question 29

how does introducing non-native predators species to kill pests harm biodiversity

Answer 29

Plants are competing for food and could predate another native species and cause extinction

Question 30

why do farmers remove hedges around the edge of fields?

Answer 30

Have more space to grow crops Higher Yield and more money

Question 31

Why should farmers put more hedges around the edge of fields?

Answer 31

attract bees and more pollination of crops for more money Makes it more biodiverse

Question 32

how does the removal of hedges around the edge of field harm biodiversity?

Answer 32

reduces the number of habitats Less space for the animals to live and destroys food sources

Question 33

why do farmers excessively use herbicide?

Answer 33

So weeds don’t compete with crops for minerals water and light Less weeds reduces competition

Question 34

How does excessive herbicide usage harm biodiversity?

Answer 34

Can kill off other plant species