Ecology / Animal Behavior

Question 1

Nature

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Nurture

Answer 2

Parenting style / Environmental factors

Question 3

________ and the _______ both influence behavior

Answer 3

Genes and Environment

Question 4

Innate Behavior

Answer 4

Genetic influence
Ex. ( eating when hungry)

Question 5

Learned Behavior

Answer 5

taught
Ex. Mother bears teach their cubs about hunting, berry picking, fishing, and the best places to find tasty grubs)

Question 6

Cooperative behavior

Answer 6

Shared resources / Groups
Ex. (group of lions eats a bull)

Question 7

Agonistic

Answer 7

Social Behavior involving fighting (Generally no harm is done)
Ex. dog growling

Question 8

Agonistic Behavior / 3 different divisions

Answer 8

1) threats
2) aggression
3) submission

Question 9

Fixed Action Patterns

Answer 9

sequence that must be completed once begun
Ex. 3 spined stickleback fish in response to the reed underside of an intruder fish.

Question 10

Imprinting (Innate)

Answer 10

attachment occurs during a critical period
Ex. Incubator - hatched goslings imprinted on scientist during first few hours of life and followed him

Question 11

Kinesis

Answer 11

random movement
Ex. Isopodes live best in moist conditions, move in dry areas to increase likelihood of encountering a moist area

Question 12

Taxis

Answer 12

directed movement
Ex. Moths flying towards a light bulb

Question 13

Migration

Answer 13

Using sun(seasonal changes),stars, Earth’s magnetic field
Ex. salmon starts life in rivers and migrate to sea to feed and grow

Question 14

Signal

Answer 14

behavior that causes change in another’s behavior
ex. tail tip vibration of a rattle snake.

Question 15

Communication

Answer 15

1) Transmission
2) Reception
3) Response

Question 16

Animal communication

Answer 16

Behavior has an effect on the current/future behavior of another

Question 17

Learning

Answer 17

Modification of behavior
Ex. The bird that that acquires the song of its species

Question 18

Maturation

Answer 18

body develops
ex frogs and slamanders

Question 19

Habituation

Answer 19

Doesn’t impact survival so brain ignores stimulus
Ex rock squirrels are a commonly habituated animal in parks

Question 20

Spatial Learning

Answer 20

Location of food/nest

Question 21

Associative Learning

Answer 21

behavior through trial and error

Question 22

Classical conditioning

Answer 22

Done by somthing/someone -animal response
Teaching a dog to sit with a bell

Question 23

Cognition and Problem solving

Answer 23

Animals ability to think and comprehend / gain knowledge

Question 24

Territoriality

Answer 24

defending area against each other
Ex. Wolf packs maintain territories in which they hunt and live.

Question 25

Spraying behavior

Answer 25

mark territory
Ex. Skunks

Question 26

Downside of territoriality

Answer 26

great deal of energy / might die defending / miss reproductive opp

Question 27

Most social behaviors are _________

Answer 27

selfish

Question 28

Altruism

Answer 28

decrease ones fitness but increases the other
Ex Bees

Question 29

Operant conditioning

Answer 29

trial and error “the organism does it”
Ex. Dog rings bell