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Bio 20 > Ecology and Jazz > Flashcards

Ecology and Jazz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Taxonomy (and developer)

A

Classification of Organisms (developed by Carl
Linnaeus 1707-1778)

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2
Q

Classification systems have two main purposes

A
  1. identifying organisms
  2. providing a basis for recognizing natural
    groupings of living things
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3
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

A method of naming organisms by using two names-the genus name and the species name. Scientific names are italicized. The genus name is capitalized and the species name is not.

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4
Q

Evidence for evolution has been studied through:

A
  1. Fossil records
  2. Geographic distribution of species
  3. Comparative anatomy and embryology
  4. Behaviour (courtship, tool use etc)
  5. Plant & animal breeding (artificial selection)
  6. Biochemistry
  7. Genetics
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5
Q

What are the two types of structures?

A

Analogous (Streamline Appendages)

Homologous (Pentadactyl Limbs)

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6
Q

Vestigial Features

A

Structures that, through the course of evolution, have lost all or most of their function.

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7
Q

Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution

A

Population of individuals all of the same kind (identical characteristics in all members).

Individuals capable of transformation.

Evolution guided by an Internal drive toward greater complexity modified by the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Change directed to meet an organism’s needs.

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8
Q

Darwin-Wallace Theory of Evolution

A

Population of interbreeding individuals with similar characteristic, though variation is common among all of them at all times.

Individuals are fixed and unchanging but the population is capable of transformation.

Natural selection.
Variation exists regardless of organism’s needs not directed toward any purpose. Survival of the Fittest… or rather…the ‘Fit Enough

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9
Q

Types of Natural Selection

A

Stabilizing Selection
Directional Selection
Diversifying Selection

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10
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a particular trait value.

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11
Q

Directional Selection

A

Occurs when individuals with traits on one side of the mean in their population survive better or reproduce more than those on the other.

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12
Q

Diversifying Selection

A

Changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups

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13
Q

Rates of evolutionary change

A

Gradualism and Catastrophism

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14
Q

Gradualism

A
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15
Q

Catastrophism

A
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16
Q

Specification

A
17
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Conversion of carbon into sugars and nutrients by bacteria in dark places. They use hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide, and methane as energy, rather than light.

18
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Conversion of carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen by plants - with the help of light.

19
Q

The three types of consumers

A

Primary, secondary, and tertiary
(Primary eat consumers)

20
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created not destroyed only transformed

21
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

During any energy transformation, some (90%) of the energy will be converted into an unusable form (HEAT) which is lost from the system.

22
Q

Ecological Pyramids

A

Pyramid of Numbers
Pyramid of Biomass
Pyramid of Energy

23
Q

Pyramid of Numbers

A

Tells us the population of each trophic level

24
Q

Pyramid of Biomass

A

Tells us the biomass for each trophic level

BIOMASS: total dry mass of all living material in an ecosystem

25
Q

Pyramid of Energy

A

Tells us the amount of energy (kJ) found in the body of an organism at each trophic level
Remember the concept of 10% transfer

26
Q

Biotic Potential

A

Is the maximum number of offspring that a species could produce if resources were unlimited.

27
Q

Biotic Potential Regulators

A
  1. Birth Potential – the max. number of offspring per birth
  2. Capacity for Survival – the number of offspring that reach reproductive age
  3. Breeding Frequency – the number of time that a species reproduces each year
  4. Length of Reproductive Life – the age of sexual maturity and the number of years the individual can reproduce
28
Q

Factors that cause a population to increase

A

Favourable Light
Favourable Temperature
Favourable Environment
Sufficient Food
Low Number/Effectiveness of Predators
Few or Weak diseases and parasites
Ability to compete for resources

Bio 20 (1 decks)

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